Federal aid programs in education and other areas first appeared as categorical grants, permitting resources to be concentrated on specific policy areas and allowing accountability on the part of grantees to be demanded. During recent years block grants and general purpose grants, permitting greater local control, have grown more popular, partly…

A product of the National Science Foundation's Program on Appropriate Technology, this paper discusses and presents an agenda for research on questions relating to technological innovation and the objectives of appropriate technology. The concept of appropriate technology is defined, the contrast between appropriate technology and current…

Legislation and guidelines pertinent to children's play spaces in residential environments were gathered by means of an international inventory and a comparative study of 25 countries. Findings were directed toward those professionals who influence the development of legislation and guidelines for residential space use and design. The objective…

This paper develops some generalizations about uses of political scientists and political science in government. Information is based on essays written by political scientists which appear in the "Political Science Utilization Directory." Developed by the Policy Studies Organization, this publication includes largely verbatim survey results…

Although there is general agreement on the roles and responsibilities of college presidents and boards of trustees, problems that can impede the effective development and implementation of college policy may arise if either party encroaches into areas for which it is not responsible or if personality conflicts emerge between the president and…

This paper outlines the context within which university archives developed and discussed the functions, processes, and problems involved in the operation of university archives. An introduction to the history and purpose of archives in human society is followed by a discussion of the role of the charter or policy statement in establishing an…

Designed for education policymakers, members of educational and political organizations, representatives of business and industry, and other groups and individuals who are concerned with helping young people and adults to better understand and cope with multi-faceted energy problems, this handbook: (1) addresses the need for energy education, (2)…

The comprehensive evaluation of the effects and results of the federal program implementing Title I of the Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) described in this summary report found that, in general, the program has contributed significantly to the development and provision of public library services. However, public libraries are…

This study examined institutional analysis reports of sixteen teacher education institutions in West Virginia to see how two sections of the state standards affected the governance of the institutions. The standards required that: (1) the institutions provide an organizational structure that ensures cooperative program planning in all disciplines;…

Perspectives on the legislative process in Virginia and the relationship between the higher education community and the legislature are presented by a state senator. Virginia's legislature operates on a 60-day calendar basis, has an executive budget, and the governor has item veto power. The budget process requires that constituencies needing…

A case study illustrating the political influences on higher education in a hypothetical state is presented. Higher education became a target for reform by the state's governor, who expressed interest in the sharing of resources between institutions in close geographic proximity; supported the more extensive use of management tools as a means of…

Focusing on whether and how research actually contributes to the formation of public policy, this paper explores the critical problems in the linkage between science production and the systems that formulate educational policy. The authors suggest that the utilization of social research is limited more by problems of integrating research into the…

This publication on reviewing existing vocational education programs is the third in the Self-Help series of five booklets designed for Alaska administrators and teachers to improve vocational services provided to handicapped pupils. It begins with a checklist of implications for administrators and teachers. Reasons for program review and some…

This report presents an insight into indigenous media forms and the introduction of modern media in Japan, and follows media development through the war and occupation to the present day. The report discusses (1) the birth of the newspaper in Japan, (2) control laws and regulations, (3) press policy under the allied forces' occupation of Japan,…

Sociolinguistic information is needed for proper implementation of bilingual education programs. The survey discussed here was designed to provide information on the sociolinguistic parameters in the bilingual community, identification of the transfer or maintenance status of Spanish, and the selection of a bilingual education program. A…