Five theoretical perspectives related to occupational choice were assessed. These were (1) Super's career development perspective, (2) Holland's typology of occupational choice, (3) status-attainment research in the field of sociology, (4) economic theory of individual willingness to work in different occupations, and (5) a model of decision…

Traditional Marxist approaches to the state relegate superstructural institutions like the school to a minor role in the process of social change. More recent theories like those of Gramsci, Althusser, and Poulantzas raise the state and the class struggle in the state apparatuses to a much more prominent position: superstructure, including the…

The purpose of this part of the multimethod Head Start bilingual/bicultural curriculum evaluation (Juarez and Associates, 1979), is to present the results of a pilot test of a battery of instruments to be used in assessing the effectiveness of four early childhood bilingual/bicultural curriculum models. The instruments pilot tested were the…

This paper reports research aimed at understanding how teachers use innovations and suggests that the intentions of teachers, explored through forms of self-report, are an important clue. Eight teachers in three English comprehensive schools participated in a study of their use of the United Kingdom Schools Council Integrated Science Project…

This paper presents an alternative to the predominant equity theory for studying the concept of fairness in social relationships. According to the equity theory, or merit principle, fairness in social relationships occurs when rewards, punishments, and resources are allocated in proportion to one's input or contributions. The basic problems of…

This workbook is primarily for use in a workshop to provide information on how land-use decisions are made in Idaho, for what reasons, and with what effect. For students, there are classroom activities that correspond to actual problems of land-use decision making, and suggestions for further study and investigation. For teachers, there are…

Drawing on recent research on sexism in English and the ways in which social forces affect language structure, this paper shows how prescriptive statements about English have been incorporated into linguistic grammars as descriptions of language. It is claimed that Chomsky's "universal grammar" is masculinist and that it is contradicted…

Pointing out that new and emerging jobs may appear at the local, regional, state, or national level, this paper offers definitions and then goes on to group the changes influencing appearance or emergence of new jobs. The five groups of change factors are (1) technological change, (2) demographic change, (3) legislation, (4) life style changes,…

The obvious problems encountered by the Indo-Chinese refugees coming into the United States were accentuated by the confusion, swiftness, and finality of the massive exodus. The concept of an outreach counseling program was developed to assist the Indo-Chinese in overcoming those barriers standing between them and a goal of self-sufficiency within…

The processes and kinds of sources used in comprehensive educational planning employing institutional research are described to serve as a guide to provide recurrent education for a middle-aged population. The concept of lifelong learning has been addressed by postsecondary institutions because the traditional-aged college population has been…

The issues addressed in this paper include: (1) various views of what constitutes a community; (2) the controversy over the quantity, kind, and division of decisionmaking powers allotted to community action groups; (3) arguments against and in favor of community participation; (4) characteristics which prohibit citizen participation among…

This report attempts to determine how successful community groups have been at influencing school decision-making and policy formation. It begins by surveying several research and evaluation studies regarding citizen participation in educational decisions and placing special emphasis on a field study of 16 community organizations. The analysis…

Traditional sociological conceptions of human group development and early human group behavior are critiqued in light of anthropological, biological, and physiological data. The objective of the study was to identify shortcomings of sociological research when non-sociological data is consistently ignored. Review of sociological studies of human…

To counteract the legacy of 80 years of colonial rule in North Viet Nam, President Ho Chi Minh outlined government objectives in the Declaration of Independence in 1945. Major objectives included combatting ignorance and illiteracy. To work toward these objectives, the government established a Department of Popular Education and encouraged…

In a speech on minimum competency testing, the author discusses four issues which are still unresolved. The first is the need to recognize the political overtones which gave impetus to the competency movement as a reaction against the perceived failures of the schools and teacher education institutions, rather than as a concern for student…