A study of two elementary students (age 12) with reading difficulties compared the effects of rapid oral presentation and slow oral presentation on rates of accurate oral rereading during listening previewing. Rates of accurate oral rereading were higher when adults reduced their oral reading rates as students read silently. (Author/CR)

This study of nine college students with learning disabilities examined success and disability management factors. The students reported experiencing labeling, stigmatization, and gatekeeping throughout their school years. Positive coping strategies included relying on benefactors, implementing self-improvement techniques, and utilizing particular…

Studied the effects of variations in screen size, resolution, and presentation delay on verbal and mathematics scores on a computerized test for 357 high school juniors. No significant differences were found for mathematics scores, but verbal scores were higher with the larger resolution display. (SLD)

Examined the relative contributions of internal and external sources of variation in children's suggestibility in interrogative situations. Found that internal sources of individual differences in suggestibility measured on a suggestibility test did influence children's answers during an interview, but that external sources or interview styles had…

Understanding of the cardinality principle in children with Williams Syndrome (WS) was compared to that of typically developing children. Findings indicated that such understanding was extremely delayed in WS children and only at the level predicted by their visuo-spatial mental age. Findings suggested that visuo-spatial ability played a greater…

Presents evidence that the supposed paradox in which infants find abstract patterns in speech-like stimuli whereas even some preschoolers struggle to find abstract syntactic patterns within meaningful language is no paradox. Asserts that all research evidence shows that young children's syntactic constructions become abstract in a piecemeal…

Asserts that the posited paradox between infancy and toddlerhood language was not eliminated by Tomasello and Akhtar's appeal to infants' robust statistical learning abilities. Maintains that scrutiny of their studies supports the resolution that abstracting linguistic form is easy for infants and that toddlers find it difficult to integrate…

Examined effects of a click signaling arrival of a visual stimulus to be timed on temporal discrimination in 3-, 5-, and 8-year-olds. Found that in all groups, the proportion of long responses increased with the stimulus duration, although the steepness of functions increased with age. Stimulus duration was judged longer with than without the…

Two studies examined whether infants' category discrimination in an object-examination task was based solely on an ad hoc analysis of perceptual similarities among the experimental stimuli. Findings indicated that 10- to 11-month- olds' responses varied systematically only with the presence of a category change, but not with the degree of…

Two studies assessed the gaze following of 12-, 14-, and 18-month-olds. Findings indicated that infants at all ages looked at the adult's target more when the adult turned to the target with open eyes than when the adult turned with closed eyes. Additional evidence suggested that infants were not simply responding to adult head turning, but were…

Examined preschoolers' performance on false belief tasks and perceptions of parental discipline. Found that children performed better on questions about their own false beliefs than on questions about others' false beliefs. Overall, children performed below average on false belief measures; and children expected parents in hypothetical scenarios…

Compared the moral judgment of violence, portrayed in story cards, by 20 physically abused and 20 non-maltreated 8- to 13-year-old boys. Findings showed no significant differences between the two groups. Main effects of the offender's motive and the action's consequences were found, but there were no effects for the kind of violence (physical or…

Collected qualitative data through interviews and triad elicitation with 5-year-olds in London to determine children's current knowledge and understanding of their "making" activity and of Lego construction kit components. Data provided triangulation for another study that found that young children could achieve a great deal with…

Two experiments examined the communicative bases of preschoolers' object appearance-reality (AR) errors. Found that AR performance correlated positively with performance on a control test with the same discourse structure but nondeceptive stimuli, and on a naming test. Overall findings indicated that the discourse structure of AR tests elicits a…

The basis of students' confidence in their answers to test items was studied with 95 undergraduates. Results support the domain-general hypothesis that predicts that confidence judgments will be related to performance on a particular test and also to confidence judgments and performance on unrelated tests. (SLD)