A study described how two eighth grade English teachers in a rural junior-senior high school established classroom rules, both formally and informally. The focus of the study and analysis of data were guided by three research questions: (1) What are the formal and informal classroom rules and how are they made visible? (2) Who are the sources of…

The policy statement of the 1982 Wingspread Conference on Postsecondary Programs for the Disadvantaged is presented. The conference examined the past decade of postsecondary education opportunity programs for disadvantaged and minority students and how the objectives of the programs should be pursued in the 1980s and beyond. Recommendations are…

This brochure is designed to assist parents in becoming active and effective partners in the career awareness and development of their children. In the first of three sections, the career development tasks of the Maryland State Department of Education are listed. The middle section of the brochure suggests ways that parents of elementary, middle…

The annotated sourcebook provides 51 journals and publication citations for individuals seeking to learn or to teach others about cultural issues in social work practice with American Indians and about the Indian Child Welfare Act. The citations, which date from 1969-1984, are divided into four sections pertaining to family/cultural issues in…

The 4-year Arizona State University Career Opportunities Project, designed to provide Arizona Indians with Bachelor's degrees so they could be employed as teachers in their home communities, graduated 34 teachers, 24 of whom were interviewed. Over half reported a period following their graduation in 1974 when they were closely watched by parents…

One of the working papers in the final report of the Arizona Board of Regents' Task Force on Excellence, Efficiency and Competitiveness, this study focuses on the role of temporary faculty at Arizona's three public universities, noting that the quality of overall education of students taught by temporary instructors relates importantly to the care…

A research project concerned with the development of English as a school subject in the Norwegian elementary and junior high school identifies and describes British and American influences on the theoretical climate of foreign language teaching in Western Europe from the 1950's to the 1970's. A distinct British influence, the so-called Palmer,…

This ERIC digest synthesizes research characterizing the economic climate in which rural schools operate and reports on the traditional strategies used to create greater economic support for rural school districts. The benefits of steady urban economic growth have not been shared, generally, by rural areas; this has led to inadequate financial…

The topic of this paper is the "new sociology of education" (NSOE) and its origins in the early 1970's. One aim of this paper is to argue that the regressive return to a rigid and ahistorical academic curriculum is not the only alternative. A second theme is the suggestion that the NSOE took a highly unreflective view of the role of…

Several factors associated with academic underachievement and high attrition of minority students are discussed, based on a review of the literature. A significant problem exists in undergraduate and graduate programs with respect to the lack of representation of minority students. The three factors identified as most critical are: (1) self-esteem…

This book aims to help educators improve their understanding of minority students within the American social context. It contains seven chapters, each written by different authors. The introductory chapter, "The Education of Language Minority Students: A Contextual Interaction Model" by C. Cortes, provides an overview of a theory for how the many…

Africans who were brought across the Atlantic as slaves never fully adjusted to slavery or accepted its inevitability. Resistance began on board the slave ships, where many jumped overboard or committed suicide. African slaves in South America led the first revolts against tyranny in the New World. The first slave revolt in the Caribbean occurred…

The meaning of independence, or freedom, in the culture of the Luba, an African ethnic group in Zaire, is inextricably linked to fundamental rights, the development of personal qualities, and the choices that the individuals make. The rights of a Luba man are based on legitimate membership in his family, his lineage, and his chiefdom. A free man…

Targeted by the "California Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Affairs" in 1946, Frances Eisenberg subsequently was dismissed from the Los Angeles Public School System after 20 years of teaching. In 1947, the "Tenney Committee" introduced eight bills in the California legislature to prevent the teaching of controversial…

The United States is a land of people with diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. There will be a time when every counselor is called on to serve clients from a culture different from his or her own. This guide promotes awareness of cross-cultural counseling problems, and provides information for counseling clients with different beliefs,…