The interrelationships among halo and leniency rating errors were examined using simulated rating data. As leniency increased, halo decreased when measured by dimension intercorrelations but increased when measured by standard deviations across dimensions. Implications of these results for the use of the various measures are discussed. (SLD)

Proposes and illustrates criteria for the conduct of cognitive-mediational therapeutic research as part of larger proposal for multifaceted inquiry into therapeutic events and effects. Explores implications of proposal for relationship between scientific theory and professional practice in counseling psychology. (Author/NB)

The K-ABC is discussed in relation to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-R) as a second measure of cognitive ability for children of various linguistic backgrounds who are conversational in English but have difficulty with written English. The K-ABC illustrated that the children had higher cognitive ability than was measured by the WISC-R; this…

Compares the Qualitative Scoring System and the Developmental Scoring Systems, both Bender-Gestalt tests, in predicting achievement on the Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT). In this study, first through fourth graders (n=409) from regular elementary schools were subjected to both tests; both systems correlated significantly with school…

Tests the learning-loss scale experimentally to examine the relationship between students' reports of their own learning and their performance on a standard exam. Identifies a moderately strong validity coefficient between students' performance on a recall test and reports of how much they believed they learned during a lecture. (SR)

Reviews Barbara J. King's detailed observations of free-ranging baboons in Amboseli, Kenya; these observations contain a mass of recent research and report studies of divergent theories in primatology and paleontology. King's studies supply direct evidence about primate behavior that conveys information and show how natural information transfer is…

We investigated the impact of a life-review on college freshmen. Participants included a life-review group of 30 (25 women, 5 men), comparison group of 36 (29 women, 7 men), and six volunteer leaders (three retired and three current faculty or staff). Circles, each with 5 to 7 students and a leader, shared workbook assignments in 14 weekly…

The authors propose a reinforcement-learning mechanism as a model for recurrent choice and extend it to account for skill learning. The model was inspired by recent research in neurophysiological studies of the basal ganglia and provides an integrated explanation of recurrent choice behavior and skill learning. The behavior includes effects of…

Research suggests that, using representations from object-based attention, infants can represent only 3 individuals at a time. For example, infants successfully represent 1, 2, or 3 hidden objects, but fail with 4 ("Developmental Science" 6 (2003) 568), and a similar limit is seen in adults' tracking of multiple objects (see "Cognitive Psychology"…

Cognitive learning style instruments continue to enjoy widespread use in educational and occupational contexts by researchers and practitioners alike, despite widespread questions about the valid measurement of cognitive learning styles. This investigation examines the psychometric properties of one well-known measure of cognitive learning…

This paper defines Bayesian network models and examines their applications to IRT-based cognitive diagnostic modeling. These models are especially suited to building inference engines designed to be synchronous with the finer grained student models that arise in skills diagnostic assessment. Aspects of the theory and use of Bayesian network models…

Past and present trends in cognitive assessment in the USSR should be viewed within the context of Soviet psychology and Soviet developmental theories. This theoretical framework views cognitive abilities as an integral part of socio-cultural evolution. Pedology emerged as a strong movement in the 1920's. Its stated purpose was to identify and…

The research investigated relational and analytic cognitive styles among 11 adult learners. Thirteen hypotheses were formulated and an instrument was developed to collect data on both styles. Predictions about learning environment preference were given reasonable support. (Author/EC)

Students enrolled in an introductory, audio-tutorial biology course were randomly assigned to either the control group, which followed the regular program and took pre and posttests designed for this study, or to the experimental group, which followed an identical program with additional exercises specially designed to teach higher cognitive…

A description of the rationale and the development of the BITCH-100 (Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity), a culture specific test for the American black population. Experimental evidence is reported on the norming and validation of this instrument and suggestions made as to potential advantages over the traditional testing approach as…