Administrators, consultants, and reformers have turned to restructuring and reorganizing colleges and universities as a means of changing educational processes and encouraging pyramiding of impacts, but the effectiveness of organizational structure depends on institutional mission, specific objectives, and the leadership of the individuals…

Relevancy for any part of American education during the 1980s seems to require some relationship to educational reform. The purpose of this article is to defend the contention that the best hope for career guidance to be related to educational reform is to continue building and implementing links with the career education movement. (Author)

Describes strategies used over the past decade to address inequities between women and men in the areas of salary, promotions, and participation in faculty affairs and governance at Arizona State University. (GC)

Questions of originality and applicability do not detract from Agassi's pedagogical ideas. If there is anything educators can contribute to society, it is to help develop young critical minds that will challenge dogmas so as to find improved ones. (MT)

A teacher's choice of words can have a powerful effect on students' depth of thinking. Words can be either "think stoppers" or "think starters." A strategy to help students become responsible thinkers is suggested, and several classroom situations are evaluated to show how thinking can be encouraged. (MT)

Principals can make changes happen, help them happen, or simply let them happen. Effective change leadership involves setting long-term goals, clarifying the school's commitment to work at education, staying on top of innovations, consulting and collaborating with teachers, making decisions, offering support and guidance, and maintaining…

Provides an overview on the subject of punishment and alternative procedures to decelerate a behavior. Describes differential reinforcement, extinction, satiation, corrective feedback, using peers as models and rearranging the environment as positive and nonaversive procedures for decreasing a behavior. (LLL)

Examines the report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, assesses the applicability of the commission's findings to one high school, identifies problems in implementing the commission's recommendations in the high school studied, and, on the basis of this analysis, considers a national commission's role in generating local…

Effective organizational adaptation often brings together an institution's apparently incompatible views of a problem and its solution. Paradoxical models of change may be superior to linear models, and flexibility in administrative thinking and institutional strategies to encourage paradox will become a hallmark of institutional effectiveness.…

This essay on problems associated with library reference service and personnel discusses the pros and cons of four approaches designed to improve staff utilization and quality of performance--hiring additional staff, automation, alternative staffing arrangements, and planning and rearrangement of priorities. Fourteen sources are given. (EJS)

Outlines six characteristics that the successful factory of tomorrow must possess and discusses four phases of change that are generally recognized in the integration process--awareness, acceptance, participation, and ownership. Ten change principles that can be addressed through education to reduce resistance to technological innovation are…

Staff development specialists worked with elementary school personnel to improve school morale by gathering information to assess the current climate, establishing task forces to deal with the problems, and training staff members in techniques for ameliorating the problems. (MLF)

Vague goals, unmanaged technology, minimal accountability, and little contact among staff members are characteristics that many schools share with other loosely coupled organizations. Effective schools do not share these characteristics. Some strategies for eliminating these traits are suggested. (PGD)

Describes the ability to exercise influence as a fundamental skill in social work practice. General principles related to the use of inducement in attempts to influence others are identified. Circumstances under which rewards may serve to undermine intrinsic motivation are considered, and the symbolic function of rewards is discussed. (Author/NRB)

Describes aspects of qualitative research having the potential of providing guidance to change agents in designing effective strategies to bring about desired changes in science education. A discursive approach involving the method of collecting and simultaneously analyzing data ("grounded theory") is described. (Author/JN)