Describes the development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Details revisions in the MMPI and then evaluates positive and negative features of these revisions in the light of construct validity and professional practice. Argues that many suggested refinements to the instrument are being actively investigated by its…

After discussing the needs of high risk students in urban schools, the paper examines the similarity of problems in rural schools. An experienced teacher describes seven strategies he uses to develop self-responsibility in his rural elementary school students, including reflective thinking, peer involvement, and teacher persistence. (SM)

Development of educational testing in Hungary is reviewed regarding recent political and social changes. Relatively few areas in the educational system use tests regularly. The current political climate is expected to bring new standardized tests. A national core curriculum is planned with more autonomy for local-level and school-level decisions.…

Tests the ability of mass media interventions (radio and television) to enhance the efficacy of school cigarette smoking prevention programs, examining a cohort of 5,458 elementary school students followed for 4 years. Mass media interventions sharing objectives with school programs appear effective when carefully aimed at high risk youth. (SLD)

Inquired 69 students' beliefs about registering for high school chemistry. The information was used to develop a questionnaire and persuasive messages. Among 598 target students, chemistry enrollment was higher than expected for those receiving in-class student-only materials and lower than expected for those receiving student/parent take-home…

This article explores the many facets of the contemporary family in the United States, including their variations in structure, size, and ethnic and linguistic characteristics; the impact of sociohistorical factors on family functioning and lifestyle; implications of models of child development; and policy recommendations. (JDD)

Discusses distinctions between the anthropology of education and educational research. Although the educationist generally has a technocist view of the reality of schooling (how to do it more efficiently), the anthropologist deals with the relational reality of schooling (what events mean to participants). (SLD)

Effects of mothers' need for approval on children's expectancies for success and persistence during failure were studied for 90 fifth graders attempting to solve 4 puzzles, 3 of which were unsolvable. Parental and situational variables affect children's achievement cognitions and behavior. Implications for parental socialization of achievement are…

Analyzes implications of the birthrate for teenage mothers, and examines the limitations of key statistical indicators. Evidence suggests that the rate of childbearing among U.S. teens may be increasing after a decade of stability. To deal with this effectively, it may be necessary to enhance life options of teenagers. (SLD)

Traces developments in Soviet education from the 1920s. Points out shifts in teaching practices and research, from the Leninist vision of labor collective schools to the Stalinist era's bureaucratic, counterrevolutionary tendencies. Argues current educational reform revisits the Leninist ideal of combining instruction with social production needs…

Interprets data obtained through surveys concerning Soviet college students' alcohol consumption. Examines onset of drinking, frequency of drinking and inebriation, peer influence, gender differences, and students' self-assessments of alcohol use. Considers alcohol's habituating effects and consequent impact on individual development. (CH)

Describes the development of the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) in response to a perceived threat by English language television to the Inuit culture and use of the Inuktitut language. Political issues are discussed; programing is described, including educational children's programs; and the use of technology to preserve cultural values is…

Studies influences of male elementary school teachers on sex stereotyping behaviors of 44 male and 41 female students and 60 male and 43 female comparison students, students' assessments of male and female teachers' competence, and male students' interest in becoming teachers. Male teachers have a greater influence on boys' views. (SLD)

A survey of 341 fourth-year Ohio medical students investigated attitudes regarding residencies' policies on drug screening, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, and smoke-free workplaces. Substantial subsets indicated they would rank lower, or not at all, programs requiring preresidency drug screening or HIV testing but would rank schools…

Some educational solutions to the problems facing young African-American males have been developed through the New Orleans (Louisiana) Public School Study on Black Males (1987-88). From the more than 50 study recommendations, 10 are selected to illustrate the range of strategies. (SLD)