Data were collected in five countries (The Gambia, Ghana, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone) between 1976 and 1981 from secondary students to examine five variables affecting occupational aspirations: sex, culture, religion, socioeconomic status, and environment and opportunities of the school. School quality and sex affected attitudes most. (LC)

Section One of this report describes art education as it exists in American schools. Section Two discusses societal factors adversely affecting art education. Section Three examines National Endowment policy for improving art education. Section Four discusses deceptive panaceas for such improvement. Section Five provides recommendations for…

Irish students and teachers perceive a good citizen as one who obeys the law; improving society is not considered important. Reasons for this authoritarian viewpoint include: emphasis on factual learning, censorship and political bias by teachers, and the socialized economy. (CP)

Examines the growth of adult continuing education in Australia, using data from Mount Lawley College in Western Australia to show its large enrollment increase in part-time and external mature-age students and the different types of courses and programs provided. Some benefits from and problems with this trend are discussed. (MF)

Papers from the National Conference on Trusteeship discuss: recent board- president imbroglios; Rutgers legal headaches; governing boards and legal policy changes; 5 percent of operating income set aside to build operating reserve; and how the South Dakota State Board involved campuses in decisions. (Author/MLW)

Pincus argues that vocational education has been developed in response to the rising educational aspirations of the working class. He claims that vocational training provides a poor payoff under the present economic system, and that the promotion of vocational programs raises unrealistic expectations in students. (Author/SK)

Impoverished pregnant teenagers were distinguished from matched or random controls by an inability to cope; by identification of family, school, and peer relationships as self-devaluing experiences; by an attraction to deviant identity as a source of self-esteem; and by adoption of deviant behaviors. (Author/CP)

Analysis of attitudes toward formal education among teachers, American Indian parents, and students in six High Plains communities reveals eight household types and associated attitude sets. Schooling provides differential reinforcement of these attitude sets, resulting in attitude erosion and high dropout rates among students and high teacher…

The impact of student financial aid policies, programs, and procedures on private college enrollment patterns is discussed. Because state subsidies to public institutions create a two-tiered pricing structure in higher education, independent institutions depend on those programs and policies that encourage college choice rather than access.…

The authors discuss the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning typewriting, student attitudes toward learning, their self-concept, and teacher attitudes toward student learning ability, with learning conditions and motivation techniques for effective typewriting instruction. (MF)

Sixty-six mothers and 34 preschool teachers were compared on two types of adult-child interaction. Although both groups were similar on some tasks, mothers asked for more responses, made more direct requests and commands, and gave more explicit and corrective feedback following children's errors. (MH)

Briefly discusses the role that rites of passage play in traditional cultures and considers the possibilities inherent in incorporating this social concept into middle school art projects. Defines middle school as a transitional stage in adolescent development characterized by institutional and personal separation that lends itself to these…

Examined 30 Japanese and 30 American preschoolers' responses to hypothetical interpersonal dilemmas as a function of culture, gender, and maternal child rearing values. Found that American children showed more anger, more aggressive behavior and language, and underregulation of emotion than Japanese children. Children from both cultures appeared…

Delineates the cultural norms evident in the performance and practice of Ghanaian children's play songs. Describes the similarities and differences between these and those of adult Ghanaian music culture. Discusses the social significance of the songs and includes several tables showing musical notation. (MJP)

Provides an interesting overview of the philosophical changes initiated in geography over the last 50 years. Argues that dissatisfaction with environmental determinism and its variant of regional geography inspired a quantitative and theoretical revolution in the subject. Recent developments have questioned even the foundations of that revolution.…