On the basis of a study involving 40 first-grade students, compares Pascual-Leone's and Keating and Bobbitt's developmental theories of information processing by contrasting their predictions about a classification task. Results falsified Keating and Bobbitt's model. Predictions from Pascual-Leone's theory were almost wholly confirmed. (RH)

The importance of several causes of examination outcomes prior to and after taking a course exam were rated by undergraduate freshmen and advanced psychology students serving as proctors. Freshmen rated proctor characteristics as more important than their own as determinants of exam outcomes. Positivity, rather than egotism, biases were operative.…

The first section of this paper reviews research in which student achievement was not included as a correlate of principal attributes, or principal attributes were not included as correlates of student achievement. The second section focuses on the study of the linkage between the school principal and overall student achievement. (BW)

Avoid the one-shot approach to evaluating administrators by designing a continuous system that focuses on improved performance. The four parts of this school district's evaluation system--philosophy, procedures, instruments, and training--are described, and a sidebar lists the specific job duties used in evaluating administrative performance. (DCS)

Administered three item-difficulty sequence forms of an achievement test to 107 sixth-grade students. No relationship between item-difficulty sequence and test performance, reliability, or item difficulty and discrimination was discovered. (Author/JAC)

Summarizes activities of the Macy Foundation (including a symposium and a meeting) which focused on various issues related to women in science. Included are discussions of major symposium topics (such as the differential in research productivity between male and female scientists) as well as symposium recommendations. (JN)

Examined how science content knowledge, moral reasoning ability, attitudes, and past experiences mediate the formation of moral judgments on environmental dilemmas. Environmental science majors (N=86) and nonmajors (N=105) participated in the two-phase study which found that moral reasoning is influenced by the context (setting) of a moral…

Attainment of five earth science concepts by high school seniors depended on the amount of previous science coursework by the students and on the size of their school's enrollment. Seniors in Texas high schools were subjects of the study. (Author/PP)

Examined spelling errors in the spontaneous writing of 12-year-old children (N=56). Results showed one set of errors related more to incorrect articulation than to poor spelling. A second set indicated the role of morphemic factors in the spelling of inflected words. (JAC)

Tested Cohen's hypothesis that students who develop the school preferred information processing approach will perform better than other students. Using six instruments designed to identify preferred cognitive strategies, 135 students stratified by achievement were tested. Results suggested achievement is signficantly related to the acquisition of…

The major findings of this study support the view that the social environment plays a dominant role in determining the average IQ level of black children and that both social and genetic variables contribute to individual variation among them. (Author/AM)

Timed and untimed scoring methods were employed with five WAIS subtests administered to 40 young and 40 old subjects matched for verbal intelligence. Elimination of bonuses for rapid performance differentially improved the scores of older subjects but did not raise those scores to levels achieved by the young. (Author)

Researchers evaluated methods of determining young children's gross motor rhythmic ability while analyzing subjects' responses to three stimulus modalities and subjects' time-space response characteristics as a function of sex and the rate of stimulus cues. (GW)

Describes and evaluates an introductory sociology course at the University of Rhode Island which utilized the Teaching Information Processing System (TIPS). Findings indicate that students involved in TIPS perceived it to be a valuable learning aid and scored considerably higher on the course exams than did a comparable control group. (Author/DB)