Trends during the 1980s are described including high infant mortality, no decline in low birthweight percentages, an increase in the black-white infant mortality gap, more high-risk pregnancies, and inadequate prenatal care. Inadequate progress in reducing infant mortality is attributed in part to the limited technological ability to save…

Since 1984, the California community colleges have charged an enrollment fee of $5 per credit unit for all students. A 1987 study revealed that the fee contributed to an enrollment decline during the first year, especially among low-income and part-time students, and that the Board Financial Assistance Program (BFAP) for low-income students did…

The issue of black college students and the impact of racism and their ethnic background on their academic success is explored. The black college student is seen as possessing a unique contextual self, borne of a heritage that values, to a very high degree, the family and other people that significantly impact the lives of those with whom they…

This book chronicles progress in the destruction of the values, methods, and goals of traditional humanistic study. It describes recent developments in the academic study of humanities as ideologically motivated assaults on the intellectual and moral substance of Western culture. It argues that various academic interest groups have worked to…

The hearing reported in this document was called to address the human havoc wreaked by substance abuse among pregnant women in America. Witnesses included leading scientists and innovative service providers qualified to supply the best information on chemically dependent women across the country and to point the way to a better understanding of…

Comprehensive, systematic planning provides the overall direction for education through the development of policies and objectives. An understanding of demographic, social, and economic trends is necessary for educators to make decisions for the future. The 1986 demographic forecasts for the province of Newfoundland are updated in this report,…

In 1989, the Eastern Iowa Community College District (EICCD) undertook a project to develop a collective image of what the community college should be in the coming century. The reasons for seeking this "shared vision" were to create institutional focus, foster commitment, build communication, and reaffirm the college's mission and…

Focusing on children's developmental use of written language in kindergarten and first grade, this report looks at connections between the social and academic dimensions of classroom life. The first section examines literacy as an aspect of growing up and becoming a member of society. By highlighting the social and academic divisiveness schooling…

The primary aim of this annotated bibliography is to collect resources for those interested in acquiring a broad, cross-cultural understanding of early childhood education. Chapter I provides an overview of comparative and international perspectives of early childhood education. Subsequent chapters focus on aspects of early childhood education in…

Focusing on Third World countries, this book examines the undereducation of women, causes of women's undereducation, changes in female education patterns, and the significance of such changes in society and in women's lives. The book consists of four parts, comprising different chapters written by social scientists, researchers, and educators.…

To assist in the development of policies to eliminate the subtle inequities which inhibit the mathematics achievement of many Black youths, it is suggested that the redesign of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics assessment study Black students' opportunity to learn mathematics. Recommendations for the redesign of…

This paper presents a history of educational administration among Canada's provinces, discusses the status of university preparation programs, and explores theories of formalized and alternative approaches. Before the 1950's, little interest existed in administrators' formal preparation. Consolidation of schools led to graduate programs, but the…

The characteristics and experiences of college freshmen who entered private black colleges in 1976 and 1985 were compared, based on data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's "The American Freshman: National Norms." Attention was focused on socioeconomic status (SES), academic preparation and confidence, reasons for…

These background papers were developed for the use of the California Commission for the Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education in preparing its report, "The Challenge of Change: A Reassessment of the California Community Colleges." Section 1 provides an introduction to the role of California's community colleges in its…

In celebration of the International Year of the Child (IYC), this journal (1) proposes two additions to the Declaration of the Rights of the Child: the right to be well taught and the right to be taught a love of reading and writing; and (2) provides practical suggestions for teachers, parents, students, and principals to help them actively…