Teacher expectations of student success or failure greatly affect student performance levels. Four distinct areas of teacher-student interaction are: input (new material presented to the student); climate (emotional tone of the interaction); feedback (the teacher's use of praise and criticism); and output (length of time a teacher spends with a…

Number right and elimination scores were analyzed on a college level mathematics exam assembled from pretest data. Anxiety measures were administered along with the experimental forms to undergraduates. Results suggest that neither test scores nor attitudes are influenced by item order knowledge thereof, or anxiety level. (Author/GK)

Birth order effects in brothers were found to derive from difference in family size. Effects for family size were found even with socioeconomic background controlled. Nor were family size effects explained by parental ability. The importance of unmeasured preferences or economic resources that vary across families was suggested. (Author/RD)

Identifies external and internal variables that affect public-sector organizations. Contextual frameworks are developed as orienting devices for organization development intervention in divisions of state welfare systems. Describes tactics of change in ambiguous performance settings and focuses on internal influence variables expected to affect…

Examines the effect of marital status of college students on their academic performance. Data based on a sample of 374 students indicate married students make higher grades than unmarried students; however married students with children do not achieve higher GPA's than those without children. (Author)

Explanations are offered for observed discrepant and null findings in the area of predictive information about teacher effectiveness. It is argued that if tautologies are to be avoided, only product variables are appropriate criteria of success. Some recommendations regarding future research are offered. (Author/GSK)

Factors affecting job satisfaction and the impact of satisfaction on job performance were investigated to develop strategies for dealing with low job satisfaction. Results indicated that student affairs staff were satisfied with their current jobs, but did not feel that student affairs was considered important at their institutions. (RC)

Internal-external control affects hourly wages independent of other factors such as educational attainment, labor market experience, race, and collective bargaining affiliation. Internal-external locus of control is affected by labor market success, race, and city size. (Author)

The relationship among test anxiety, study skills, and academic performance was studied. It was found that, in addition to academic aptitude, a measure of effective test-taking skills and a measure of test anxiety contributed significantly to prediction of grade point average. (Author)

It was hypothesized that freedom to choose words to be learned, but not the actual choice of words per se, improves performance in paired-associate tasks. Subjects offered an attractive or meaningful choice performed significantly better than subjects offered an unattractive choice, which was equivalent to no choice at all. (Author/CP)

The investigation explored the possibility of predicting self-concept among 147 learning-disabled children (ages 7 to 13) on the bases of several combinations of predictor variables. The combinations of word knowledge performance, math performance, and family socioeconomic status (SES) significantly predicted self-concept. (Author/PHR)

The article reviews the literature on sex differences among the gifted and talented. Studies have shown that there do not appear to be any differences in how the sexes learn, and that before age 10 or 11 girls and boys do equally well in verbal performance tests, quantitative tests, and spatial ability measures. (PHR)

The study sought to identify some of the variables controlling the severely aggressive behavior of two severely retarded children (ages 9 and 14). Experiments conducted under various conditions showed that, while aggressive behaviors sometimes serve as an escape function, the behaviors can be terminated through reduction of the causative situation…

Results showed that the adolescents with internal locus of control performed significantly better in the low structure reinforcement condition, while the adolescents with external locus of control performed significantly better in the high structure reinforcement condition. (Author)

Assesses the meaning of performance in organizations' training programs. Analyzes and critiques the scenario of typical training program designs. Proposes operational conditions essential to achieving performance in a training program. (CSS)