The purpose of this study was to determine if an organizer improved the understanding and retention of what was read, and, if so, to determine if the placement of the organizer significantly affected the resulting performance. The organizer was a 125-word paragraph which provided the reader with a generalized overview of the reading material and…

This study was designed to determine the effects of test anxiety level and defensiveness (lie scale) level on reading comprehension of fourth grade boys as measured by the cloze procedure. The subjects, 253 male fourth graders, were administered Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale for Children and the lie scale of the General Anxiety Scale for Children.…

This annotated bibliography offers representative works from material for the development of teachers and children. It is organized under several categories significant to the teacher in the reading curricular sphere. The whole area of reading instruction is given attention as is the role of language development as an influence upon reading.…

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effects of a specific type of visual perception training on the reading achievement of first grade children diagnosed as being deficient in visual perceptual skills by the Children's Perceptual Achievement Forms Test. The study included 96 subjects from 17 classrooms in three elementary schools…

This study on reading comprehension was part of a total program in which testing was also conducted in science, literature, civic education, and English and French as foreign languages at three levels--ten year olds, fourteen year olds, and those in the final year of secondary education--in fifteen countries. Two chapters describe the instruments…

The relationship between specific inference as measured by a Cloze Test and broad inference as measured by a Means-End Test was investigated. Subjects were 61 New York policemen enrolled in a communication skills course at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. The relationship between specific inference and broad inference, specific inference and…

Drawing inferences requires that an individual derive a conclusion not explicitly stated in the passage but which logically might be expected on the basis of the organization of the passage and the information it contains. In the summary of the data from Theme 7, the overall performance of the various groups is compared to the national level on…

Second-grade pupils who were taught reading in the first grade with the Initial Teaching Alphabet (i.t.a.) were compared with pupils who were taught reading with traditional orthography (TO). Seventy students from two schools in Moline, Illinois, were divided into a control group (using TO) and an experimental group (using i.t.a.) and were matched…

The relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and reading in a clinic population was investigated in this study. Children in grades two through six with a WISC IQ of 80 and above were included in the study. Reading achievement was determined by the Diagnosic Reading Scales, the University of Georgia Reading Clinic…

This study reports the findings of a 1971 assessment of the reading achievement of 22,000 sixth grade students in Texas. The study used the Prescriptive Reading Test (PRT) and a Pupil Identification Form (PID). Results from the PRT are reported in terms of the percentage of pupils who achieved each of 48 reading objectives. Nineteen objectives…

A model utilizing the concepts "effectiveness" and "acceptability" was the basis for analyzing reading programs in 120 Atlanta elementary schools during 1970-71. Gain rate of effectiveness and level of acceptability were based upon six factors influencing student achievement--pupils' entry knowledge, families' economic level,…

This investigation was designed to explore the differences between 6th grade underachievers, average achievers, and overachievers in reading in their later achievement and behavior and to compare relationships to reading achievement that occur for students with high socio-economic status (SES) background and low SES background, and students with…

Students whose reading achievement was average, below average, and above average were compared on measures of educational and occupational background, family characteristics, and elementary school performance prior to grade 6. Results were analyzed separately by sex, race (Negro and Caucasian), both sexes and races combined, and upper and lower…

In view of the hypothesis that motivational deficits are basic to learning problems, this study investigated the effectiveness of tangible reinforcers as an additional motivator to improve the reading competence of urban, retarded readers compared to the same instructional procedures without reinforcements in natural, small group settings for…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO COMPARE THE FOLLOWING APPROACHES TO TEACHING FIRST GRADE READING (1) A TRADITIONAL BASAL READER, (2) BASAL READER PLUS INTENSIVE PHONICS INSTRUCTION, AND (3) THE LATTER TWO METHODS PLUS SENSORY EXPERIENCES. THESE THREE APPROACHES WERE TRIED FOR 140 SCHOOL DAYS (1 YEAR), USING 28 FIRST-GRADE CLASSES. THEY WERE…