Among those who share the responsibility for developing the reading habit in children are the child's family, schools, libraries, publishers, booksellers, and the mass media. There are many ways to read, just as there are many kinds of reading materials, including poetry and narrative stories. Some children read only to follow the plot, others add…

A program sought to: (1) identify and assess the needs of Wisconsin vocational personnel teaching within fields nontraditional for their sex; (2) conduct a workshop for nontraditional staff; and (3) develop and disseminate a database of resource persons and a handbook identifying those working in occupations nontraditional for their sex. The…

The decline of blacks in mathematics is a disjuncture in education that is not easily understood. It is an issue that has been discussed and researched for decades. The purpose of this literature review was to review findings that contribute to the decline of blacks in mathematics and to explore some of the implications of this decline for…

A study examined the effects of a "pen pal" letter writing exchange on undergraduate college students and second grade children. Subjects, 23 second graders, completed a letter writing attitude survey, and then (after receiving an explanation of what a pen pal is) exchanged letters with the undergraduates over a l5-week period. Results…

Noting that conceptions of the cognitive representations and processes involved in discourse comprehension and production recently have undergone an important shift in orientation, this paper points out the importance of the shift to the conception of the nature of texts, of text understanding, and of cognitive processes in knowledge creation and…

Girls are only one of several groups that governments in Australia, as in other parts of the world, have recognized as suffering educational disadvantage. The problems of other groups are clear-cut and appropriate action plainly indicated. But in the case of girls, the causes are far more complex, entrenched in society, and education systems have…

Since elementary school counselors frequently provide or interpret achievement test scores for academic placement decisions, they must be vigilant for invalid data. Standardized norm-referenced achievement tests can underestimate achievement or potential of low-income black children because of different learning styles and test bias. Recent…

The Summer Technical Institute project was funded by the Arizona Department of Education to encourage sex equity in vocational education in the state. The project was designed to (1) encourage young women to consider technical careers, (2) provide activities to promote success and self-confidence, (3) provide an opportunity for young women to…

The Carpinteria school district in California has developed a model preschool program to bring Spanish-dominant preschool children up to a level of readiness for school that compares favorably with that of English-speaking children in the same community. That goal is achieved by developing skills in four major areas: Spanish language, cognition,…

This paper reports findings from the National Institute of Education's Napa County Project, one of four follow through projects funded over a period of four years to develop and implement instructional programs that would improve teaching practices, increase students' academic engaged rates, and increase gain on reading and mathematics achievement…

The internal/external (I/E) frame of reference model describes relations among Verbal self-concept (VSC), Math self-concept (MSC), and corresponding achievement scores (VACH, MACH). In support of the model Marsh (1986) found that: (1) VSC and MSC were nearly uncorrelated; (2) the effect of VACH on VSC, and of MACH on MSC, were positive; but (3)…

The teaching of critical thinking is discussed, based on the view that methods of teaching critical thinking vary from discipline to discipline. After covering basic concepts related to teaching critical thinking, a framework to examine the process of critical thinking is presented, based on cognitive science and developmental theory, especially…

An economic model of the effects of colleges on their communities was developed. The Texas Input-Output Model was modified into a higher education budgetary model. Included were the positive benefits of tax savings and estimates of the net effect on various communities in which state-supported colleges and universities are located. The output…

The problem of selective renewal of basic research capability within a professional (medical) school of a major research university is addressed. Attention is directed to a strategy and process for conducting such a revitalization that includes marketing the program in a partnership modality to a local foundation. Reasons that the foundation…

In 1980, the International Environmental Education Program of UNESCO published Strategies for Developing an Environmental Education Curriculum, to be used as a working document for a series of regional workshops. This publication is a revision of the 1980 document and is intended to provide an update for curriculum developers in environmental…