Examines the Depression era Townsend Movement that pressed for old age pensions. Compares this movement with a model social movement to explore what facilitates the development of movements and what determines their success or failure. Concludes that the political mediation model explains successes as reinforced political action with strong member…

Historical data, projections of selected populations, particularly poor and Hispanic groups, and educational issues arising from the trends are examined as they relate to educational finance in the future. New educational financing options are suggested to augment current government-sponsored student aid to respond better to emerging societal…

Discusses efforts of states to develop plans to implement the Child Care and Development Block Grant and reexamine and strengthen state child care policies. Describes plans from four states. Lists key elements for an effective early childhood development system. (SH)

The successful partnership between a public university and its foundation is based on trust, effective service, and accountability. Structures may vary, but all institutional foundations should share standards and serve the institution's philanthropic concerns without conflict of interest. Operating guidelines of South Carolina's Clemson…

Quantitative comparative research provides lessons for educational planners and policymakers unrelated to theoretical labels. This point is illustrated by comparative education "solutions" to typical policy problems in developing countries: increasing access to primary education, expanding secondary and postsecondary education, improving…

At a time when many countries are slowing expansion, Finland continues to provide for growth in funding, particularly research, until 1991. Pressures for reform include the growing number of students seeking higher education, the need for highly educated manpower, and pressure for international comparability of degrees. (MSE)

A discussion of the controversial proposed National Institutes of Health/Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration guidelines for policies on conflict of interest are assessed in relation to the University of California's experience with research policies and peer review practice in regulating potential conflict-of-interest situations.…

Adapting faculty personnel policies through creation or revision of a faculty handbook may respond constructively to change or even serve as a catalyst for change that extends to programs, administrative organization, and the campus culture. Eight stages for policy revision are outlined. (Author/MSE)

Explains how the North Central Region's Commission on Institutions of Higher Education certifies quality and encourages improvement. Traces the evolution of the commission's emphasis on assessment, highlighting its "Statement on Assessment and Student Academic Achievement," the essential elements and implementation of an assessment…

Offers background information on the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Occupational Education Institutions, and the manner in which assessment requirements are stated in the commission's 12 standards and the way these standards change. (DMM)

Local system for public school governance has changed little since early twentieth century, when conception of school boards as trusteeships and superintendents as chief managers changed school-operating boards into policy boards. Since the late 1960s, local boards have reverted to politicized boards, increasingly involved in district…

Presents a vision and a national strategy for civic networking based on the development of the National Information Infrastructure. Topics addressed include a public interest communications policy; benefits of civic networking, including improving services and reducing government costs, reducing poverty and health care costs, and improving…

Based on a case study of continuing education and development of a race relations policy in Metropolitan Toronto Police, first article reviews issues in police training and approaches to race relations education. Second article considers that the learning took place outside the classroom and was collaborative (police-community), concluding that…

A discussion of higher education as a market economy focuses on the situation in Australia. First, the nature of markets in higher education is examined. Subsequently, the role of the Federal Labor party's policy since 1983 in creating the current economy is assessed. Possible future policy directions are explored. (MSE)

Seven chapters present 31 propositions challenging traditional ideas about the nature and practice of program evaluation. Methods to improve evaluation models and approaches and ways to address intermediate and advanced evaluation issues are explored. The discussion also serves as an introduction to the most analytical and comprehensive of the…