Three phases of any change effort include initiation, implementation, and continuation. This seventh guidebook in a series of nine video conferences addresses later stages of implementation and continuation (initiation and early stages of implementation are discussed in the sixth guidebook.) In the guidebook are definitions of the three phases of…

In 1970, two of Lynchburg, Virginia's elementary school districts were combined to accomplish court-ordered pupil integration. The Elizabeth Kizer School housed grades K-2 and Dearington School, grades 3-5. Prior to the desegregation order, Kizer's enrollment had been 100 percent white and Dearington's enrollment 100 percent black. In 1989, as…

An approach to policy analysis for college officials is described that is based on evaluating and using information about the external environment to consider policy options for the future. The futures approach involves the following tasks: establishing an environmental scanning system to identify critical trends and emerging issues, identifying…

Organizational attributes and responses of 56 small to medium-sized colleges that experienced enrollment decline over a 4-year period were investigated. Administrators and faculty members completed surveys that included items concerning institutional agreement on mission and responses to decline. Each college had experienced decline in full-time…

Since 1981 the Teacher Explanation Project has conducted a series of studies to determine whether teachers who provide explicit explanations about how to use reading skills as strategies to low-group readers will be more effective in developing student awareness of how to be strategic and in improving student reading achievement. Because all the…

Results of research on predictors of organizational responses to declining enrollments at 56 small to medium-sized colleges and universities are discussed. Decline was experienced from 1978-1979 to 1981-1982. Severity of decline was selected as an objective predictor of organizational response, while internal agreement on mission and attributions…

Clergymen are regarded by their congregations as having the authority to influence church members and clergymen are expected to exert influence. Three types of clerical authority have been identified: charismatic, traditional, and legal-rational. The common assumption that people select power strategies that are consistent with their perceptions…

A report is given on the second phase of a 3-year study on change in American high schools. Data are presented from 17 schools for two of the study questions: What types of changes are occurring and what are the key units of change? Information was collected through approximately 28 hours of interviews in each school with students, faculty, and…

The aim of this paper is to summarize and tentatively synthesize a number of theories, typologies, and statements about systems and procedures for planned change in small groups, large organizations, and whole societies. Concepts are brought together from psychology, applied sociology, and business management, as well as diplomatic negotiation at…

Strategic decision-making literature is reviewed, and applications to colleges and universities are made. The key requirement for strategic decision-making is that decisions affect the entire organization. While strategic decision-making can occur at different levels within the organization, the specific strategic decisions available to the…

This report describes plans for implementing a proposed center for research on teacher education. The proposal for the Center was a collaborative effort involving the 19 campuses of the California State University System to develop a national base for research on teacher education. The first section describes briefly the efforts undertaken to…

Research indicates that the characteristics of schools can affect student performance. School improvement reforms depend on the involvement of individual teachers and administrators, but research also suggests that individuals are more likely to commit themselves to change when a positive, supportive change environment pervades the entire…

Of the 233 facilitators trained between August 1979 and January 1985 to introduce the /I/D/E/A/ Principals' Program to principals in their local areas, 206 completed a training program evaluation form. From this form the facilitator trainers obtained data concerning factors affecting the effectiveness of facilitator training programs. Ratings were…

This participant workbook is designed for use in workshops on achieving sex equity in athletic programs through Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. It contains worksheets on: (1) assessing Title IX implementation in athletic programs; (2) basic guidelines for competitive athletics Title IX compliance; (3) athletics case examples; (4)…

This trainer manual is for use by facilitators conducting workshops on implementing sex equity in physical education programs. Workshops are provided for administrators, instructional personnel, physical activities personnel, and community group members. Outlines for each session give information on the activity agenda, the purpose of the…