Reported are five studies related to the effects of a token reinforcement system based upon principles of operant conditioning on academic performance of trainable mentally retarded (TMR) children, conducted over a 9-month period in an entire school for TMR students. Study 1 investigated the effects of a school-wide reinforcement program on…

Evaluation activities should always be considered in terms of the effect that they have on the persons or programs being evaluated. This is a particularly critical concept when young children are being evaluated. Evaluation should be of some value to the persons or programs being evaluated. For example, when a Follow Through program is being…

Research examined the hypothesis that predictive validity would be greater for a test given under stress instructions than for a test given under relax instructions. Ss were 254 education students in a graduate measurement course and 117 education students in an undergraduate measurement course. Ss were randomly assigned to the instructional…

Conducted as a research project in vocational education under Part C of Public Law 90-576, the primary goal of this study was to develop and test a model for the study of the process of job creation, job training, and job placement in the community context. Personal interviews with community leaders, agency representatives, and major employers in…

Several alternative indexes of item usefulness were empirically compared. They were: (1) item discrimination based on high and low groups on a postinstructional measure, (2) shift in item difficulty from a pre- to a postinstruction measure, and (3) item discrimination based on pre- and posttest performances. A typical classroom final examination…

The two techniques for improving the quality of programed instruction, empirical revision, and the presentation of objectives before instruction were tested by this experiment in order to obtain a systematic replication of former experimental results. This study was designed to investigate: whether the presentation of the specific objectives…

AN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUCH VARIABLES AS TYPE OF MATERIAL, NUMBER OF RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES, AND PERFORMANCE OF A PERSON ATTAINING CONCEPTS. CONCEPT ATTAINMENT BOARDS OF THE BRUNER (1956) TYPE WERE USED, AND VARIOUS PARAMETERS CONTAINED IN THE BOARDS WERE MANIPULATED. THE NUMBER OF RELEVANT AND…

Forth-two elementary school children (Grades 2, 3, and 4) were tutored on a one-to-one basis by junior high volunteers (Grades 6, 7, and 8) for 12 weeks. Prior to the start of the tutoring program and following an experimental tutoring session in which tutee performance and feedback were manipulated, both the elementary and secondary students…

A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed in order to explore the possibility of predicting the quality of a counselor's performance from the values of five predictor variables. The opportunity to make such predictions could prove useful to Deans of Students in making decisions concerning personnel deployment, in-service training,…

This study examined the prediction of reading achievement for 144 second-, third-, and fourth-grade children in classrooms differing in program openness. Intercorrelations of nine cognitive and personality variables were factor analyzed, and four components representing creativity, conceptual tempo, attitude, and intellectuality were extracted.…

Results suggest that SES is a greater determinant of participation in private and semi-private out-of-school educational opportunities than is ethnicity. For public area activities use was fairly similar except for the Asian American's reported greater use than the black Americans. Neither propinquity nor parental attitude is related to use.…

In this study wordless picture books were used to assess cultural differences in three groups of children. (MKM)

Since research has shown that nonintellectual factors relate to the way in which medical student performance is measured, this study explored whether attitudes, expectations, and social values of interns as ascertained on the first day of internship correlated significantly with subsequent assessments of clinical performance by physician…

Several traits were measured in dyslexic and normal children: self-concept, achievement motivation, general manifest anxiety, test anxiety, and behavior deviance. Dyslexic children showed poorer personality adjustment; those dyslexic children who were successful in remedial training showed better emotional adjustment. Implications for remediation…