The problem of the additive constant is the problem of making interval data approximate ratio data. This paper discusses some issues concerning the additive constant and presents a new formulation of and solution for the problem. (JKS)

Commentary is presented on the preceding articles in this issue of the journal. Critical commentary is made article by article, and some general recommendations are made. (See TM 503 664 through 670). (JKS)

The problem of selecting regression variables using cost criteria is considered. A method is presented which approximates the optimal solution of one of several criterion functions which might be employed. Examples are given and the results are compared with the results of other methods. (Author/JKS)

Jensen's arguments that the anomalies in Sir Cyril Burt's kinship data are due to carelessness are critically examined. (Author)

The Needs Assessment Process consists of four phases; design, data gathering, analysis and summarization, and action-taking. A brief description of some of the key humanistic competencies needed in each phase were presented. (Author/RK)

Defines and discusses bibliometrics, particularly as carried out in automated systems. The specific requirements to which data should conform to support bibliometric analysis are detailed and explained, and the Intelligent Gateway of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is described. (15 references) (Author/CLB)

This article evaluates three general types of computer-assisted approaches to multicriteria decision problems in which criteria are attributes as opposed to objectives. Several programs specifically designed for multiattribute problems, as well as spreadsheets and decision-free software, are discussed. (Author/BS)

This paper presents a BASIC microcomputer program that constructs the Tukey (1977) stem and leaf graph. Options within the LEAF program include a modified stem and leaf where the stem is split and a parallel stem and leaf graph where two separate sets of data are displayed from a common stem. (Author)

Using examples of data from the areas of information retrieval and of multivariate data analysis, six hierarchic clustering algorithms (single link, median, centroid, group average, complete link, Wards's) are examined and evaluated by using three proposed coefficients of hierarchic structure. Nine references are cited. (EJS)

Provides a brief overview of quantitative estimates of Colombian emigration including a discussion of how estimates were prepared. Concludes that estimates of international migration from Colombia are inflated and that such migration is not as significant as some observers claim. (CMG)

Compares spatial with nonspatial reasoning ability within the same patients to determine whether spatial reasoning deficits in schizophrenics are specific to spatial types of tasks or are indicative of generalized reasoning difficulties. (Author/RK)

This document reports on federal Research and Development (R&D) funding trends for the last 10 years and explains the sources of Federal R&D revisions. The data are obtained from an annual census of approximately 30 federal agencies that report obligation data to the National Science Foundation Survey of Federal Funds for R&D. (YDS)

This paper reviews the literature on methods for dealing with missing data, discusses four commonly used methods, and illustrates these approaches with a small hypothetical data set. Most studies contain some missing data, and the reasons data are missing are many and varied. Four commonly used methods have been identified in the literature: (1)…

This "toolkit" provides a process by which institutions can identify and use information resources to enhance the experiences and outcomes of first-year students. The toolkit contains a "Technical Manual" designed for use by the technical personnel who will be conducting the data audit and associated analyses. Administrators who want more…

This guide summarizes the theory and process of root cause analysis and shares learnings from real examples. The guide shows how to solve deep-rooted problems that perplex educational systems. The chapters are: (1) Root Cause Basics; (2) Key Indicators of Student Success; (3) Root Cause Processes; (4) Using Root Cause Analysis; (5) Considerations;…