Background: Pictures drawn by people with aphasia (PWA) are often more challenging to understand than those drawn by healthy people. There are two types of objects: those that tend to be drawn symbolically (symbolically drawn objects--SOs) and those that are likely to be drawn realistically (realistically drawn objects--ROs). Aims: To compare the…

This study investigates the cognitive strategies employed during a mental rotation task through the integration of interview data and eye-tracking heat map analysis. A total of 20 interviews between 4 participants were analyzed independently by two coders to identify holistic and piecemeal rotation strategies and eye-tracking heat maps were…

Vocational education and training (VET) has been emphasised as an important topic in Turkey's industrial development. However, Turkey's VET system has often been criticised for its weak performance in meeting employers' skill requirements and attracting successful students, which has resulted in the low status of VET in society. This article…

Single-case design (SCD) is a quantitative experimental technique in which participants serve as their own control. The use of an effect size in SCD allows evaluation of outcomes as well as comparison of outcomes via meta-analyses. Characteristics of SCD research make the selection of an appropriate effect size complicated. Additionally, there are…

We talk about our spatial thinking skills all the time, maybe without knowing that there is an entire domain of cognitive skills that connect these observations. Educators can also recognize these skills in our students. These include students who seem to have an intuitive understanding of computer-aided design and create complex and efficient 3-D…

We talk about our spatial thinking skills all the time, maybe without knowing that there is an entire domain of cognitive skills that connect these observations. Educators can also recognize these skills in our students. These include students who seem to have an intuitive understanding of computer-aided design and create complex and efficient 3-D…

Item parameter estimation using an item response theory (IRT) model with fixed ability estimates is useful in equating with small samples on anchor items. The current study explores the impact of three ability estimation methods (weighted likelihood estimation [WLE], maximum a posteriori [MAP], and posterior ability distribution estimation [PST])…

The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) is a collection of tests validated using neuroimaging, genetics, and other criteria. An updated version of the CNB was constructed in which all tests were converted to either computerized adaptive (CAT) or abbreviated forms. In a mixed community/clinical sample (N = 307; mean age = 25.9 years;…

For years, a lively debate has been going on about the normative implications of the relationship between pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) and education. While much has been said about PCE's potential to undermine academic achievement or enable cheating, with surprisingly many authors drawing comparisons to doping in sports, one key…

Background/purpose: During puberty, cognitive growth extends beyond basic reasoning and testing, enabling faster, more complex thinking. Abstract reasoning--understanding concepts through logic and symbols without relying on senses--is crucial, especially in academic settings. As literature affirms its role in problem-solving and decision-making,…

Background: Most adults with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in their 30s, yet research into cognitive health programmes for this group remains limited. Method: A mixed-methods feasibility randomised control trial (RCT) evaluated an adapted, manualised group-based cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) programme for adults…

Introduction: The objective of the current study was to design and pilot-test a nonverbal intelligence test for children and adolescents with visual impairment (i.e., blindness and low vision) aged 10 to 16 years. Method: A three-dimensional haptic matrix test of nonverbal cognitive abilities (3-DHMT-CA), initially developed for adults with visual…

Computational thinking -- the ability to reformulate and solve problems in ways that can be undertaken by computers -- has been heralded as a foundational capability for the 21st Century. However, there are potentially different ways to conceptualise and measure computational thinking, for instance, as generalized problem solving capabilities or…

Dimensional comparisons between math and verbal achievements affect students' academic self-concepts by increasing (decreasing) students' self-concept in the subject with their intraindividual higher (lower) achievement. Dimensional comparison theory assumes that dimensional comparisons are also triggered by external influences. The present…

Spatial language and ability play important roles in children's cognitive development. Spatial ability in kindergarten predicts achievement in reading, math, science, and technology in primary school and therefore constitutes an important skill set in preparation for school entrance. Good spatial thinking skills are required for learning in…