Demonstrates that the common procedure of using examination results as performance indicators based upon residuals from regression analysis when applied to aggregated data gives unstable results. Suggests that aggregate-level analyses are uninformative and that useful comparisons cannot be obtained without employing multilevel analyses using…

Discussion of the degree of training effectiveness in management training technologies focuses on a training experiment which employed two scenarios of a computer assisted simulation. Structural components of managerial effectiveness versus specific content of managerial tasks are described, and suggestions for future training technologies are…

A study involving 215 hearing-impaired students and 63 mathematics teachers concluded that student background factors and the quality of instruction a hearing-impaired student receives are primary determinants of achievement in mainstreamed settings. Mainstreaming with an interpreter was found to have no specific effect on achievement for…

Discusses difficulty of translating ambiguous affective statements into effective instructional materials and limitations of Mager's process of goal analysis. A comprehensive procedure is then proposed which takes an affective statement from an undefined state, to subcategories of performance, to a hierarchy of performance objectives. A two-year…

Observation of 22 children with mild disabilities (grades 3-6) over 2 years in cooperative learning inclusive settings indicated that only 40% of the students successfully participated in cooperative groups. Differences among classroom practices (for example, selection of partners, teacher monitoring, and establishment of a cooperative ethic) were…

Used quantitative and qualitative measures to examine reasons for underachievement or success in 9- to 11-year olds. Found poor handwriting, when stemming from weak fine motor skills and poor eye-hand coordination, marks underachievement. Socioeconomic factors influenced differences in math, but not in reading ability. Academic success was more…

Children, ages 4 through 10, predicted exam performance of stimulus students using information about both motivation and ability as well as about either motivation or ability alone. Age did not emerge as the main determinant of response consistency. Children gave greater weight to positive than to negative motivation but equal weight to both…

This study compared factors contributing to Quick Incidental Learning of new vocabulary by 50 5-year olds with specific language impairment (SLI) and 2 comparison groups. Although SLI children exhibited a robust representational mapping ability, performance was modulated by a minimum input constraint and apparent problems with storage into…

This study of the effects of child age (20 and 40 months) and level of developmental delay (mild and severe) on identification of developmental disorders by 155 family practice physicians provided evidence that identification of developmental delay was generally high across conditions, with mild delay being less likely to be detected. (Author/JDD)

Three elementary students with behavior and learning problems and pre-first grade reading skills listened to an audiotape of unknown words while reading them aloud. Both slow-taped and fast-taped words resulted in greater accuracy in reading than occurred in the assessment-only control conditions. (SW)

This study of implementation of a classwide peer tutoring program for 108 disadvantaged students found that specific variations in program implementation and teachers' applications of the program produced differential levels of student outcome. Implementation factors considered included, among others, opportunities to receive program sessions and…

Thirty-one primary caregivers at group homes for clients with developmental disabilities completed a one-week workshop in behavioral theory and treatment techniques. Trainees showed increased treatment skills, but preworkshop and postworkshop observations indicated no evidence that the workshop had any effect on group home client functioning.…

New Zealand librarians, using 95 indicators of performance, rated their libraries highest on service indicators and lowest on local government relations. Factor analysis was used to derive 13 dimensions of effectiveness. The indicators ranked highest in a prior survey of stakeholders are spread across nine of the dimensions, which fit four models…

This study of 15 Hebrew-speaking preschool children with specific language impairment and 2 comparison groups tentatively supported the notion that grammatical morphemes were less difficult for subjects if they take the form of stressed and/or lengthened syllables and if they appear in a language in which nouns, verbs, and adjectives must be…

This 5-year study compared 204 first graders, 60 poor reading third graders, and 105 adults who had been evaluated for reading problems in childhood. Results suggest that attention deficit disorder has no impact on the development of word identification skills but does affect long-term educational outcomes. Phonological decoding and rapid naming…