Research has shown that perceived stress with a supervisor affects the way in which intellectual abilities, experience, and task knowledge contribute to leadership performance. Stress with subordinates, as well as superiors, may affect the utilization of intelligence and experience in leadership tasks. Questionnaires measuring intelligence,…

Considerable research has focused on comparative studies of open and traditional classrooms which have used standardized test scores as well as measurements of self-perception, creativity, adjustment to school, classroom structure, and teacher control. This paper briefly reviews some of these research findings and discusses the implications of…

Parallel studies, by Sally L. Lusk at the University of Michigan, and by Linda Petty at Hampton Institute (Virginia), tested the hypothesis that students with a high amount of test anxiety would derive the greatest benefit from using information retrieval aids in the form of notecards during an examination. Also examined was the relationship…

A cognitive/behavioral model of depression emphasizing the self-control processes of self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement views self-control as a set of processes by which an individual maintains responses in the relative absence of immediate external reinforcement. The relationship between self-evaluation, attributional style,…

A project was organized to understand and identify basic variations in reading ability by its information processing components. Focusing on three major processing levels in reading--word analysis, discourse analysis, and integration of word/discourse analysis--preliminary research identified perceptual and cognitive skill components of reading…

Research has found that differential attributional styles exist between depressed and nondepressed populations. Depressed (N=32) and nondepressed (N=32) undergraduate female students were selected on the basis of scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist. Participants performed a key press task where the…

Patterns of cautiousness in a prose learning task were examined in three age groups of adults representing three levels of educational experience. Types of instruction, order of material presentation, sex, and educational experience level were varied for all groups of the 90 adults participating in the study. The main findings were as follows: (1)…

This study investigated differences between the mathematics achievement of students receiving homework assignments and those not receiving homework. Thirty college students were divided into two equal groups. One group was given homework by the instructor, and the other group was not given any homework during the course. As predicted, the…

Data are reported on the performance of the total available prekindergarten population affiliated with the School District of Philadelphia as its "graduates" proceeded through the school years. The report covers three cohorts--those entering kindergarten in the fall of 1974, 1975, and 1976--from the two major prekindergarten programs in…

The performance of all 200,000 examinees on the Professional and Administrative Career Examination (PACE) in fiscal year 1975, its first year of administration, is presented in l0 graphs and l00 tables. The data describe the ratings obtained by six groups of competitors: by series of written test, by Veteran Preference status, by Outstanding…

The question of whether publishers' news preferences affect the performances of editors and reporters is examined in this paper. The first section reviews studies of ways the newsroom environment has affected reporters' role assumptions; it then notes that previous studies have generally been monadic (focusing on only one person) and have provided…

A model of Academic Learning Time (ALT) is described, where ALT represents ongoing student learning in terms of student engagement, low student error rate, and relevance of the instructional task to the specified outcome. This model was validated in a correlational study of the relationship between these variables and student achievement in…

It has been suggested that cognitive style interacts with performance on tasks measuring formal thought. It is hypothesized that cognitive style interacts with task context rather than with the underlying formal thought processes. Experiments are reported to clarify the type of task that elicits an interaction and to determine whether such…

The document provides the final report of a study on metamemory processes (involving the individual's knowledge of his own memory functions) in 120 mildly and moderately retarded children (5-16 years old). Covered in Chapter I is literature on research needs, project phases, general memory development, metamemory development, and strategic…

A study was conducted to determine what conditions connected with college students' entering status were associated with significantly increased error reduction during the first semester of freshman composition and what factors connected with preparation made it possible to classify students who proved to be successful--or unsuccessful--in that…