Earlier research in Dutch deep sea fishing showed competition between skippers. Since cooperation in fleets could be a solution to economic and social problems and the industry couldn't accept this, a simulation-experiment was carried out. Although competition existed initially, skippers later tried cooperation under reward conditions. The…

Five categories of opportunity for managing institutions successfully in no-growth periods include: producing new or different products, improving productivity with new production methods, opening new markets, locating new sources of support, and restructuring activities. (MSE)

Examines current research on the impact of radio on adult basic education in Western European countries, and discusses questions of the target audience, the effectiveness of reaching target audiences, and the achievement of program objectives. (JJD)

The implications of two studies of federal education projects, the Rand change agent study by Berman and McLaughlin (1975) and a study of 53 teacher centers by Mertens and Yarger (1981), are discussed in the context of developing continuous inservice teacher education. (FG)

Compared individual differences and treatment effectiveness in male volunteer alcoholics (N=47) in a 10-day electroconditioning aversion program. Follow-up showed combination therapy was more successful. Internals and hard liquor drinkers tended to be abstinent as predicted. Field dependency was a more unstable variable for outcome. (Author/JAC)

A philosophical critique of H. S. Bhola's models of planned change is presented. Questions are raised about the categorical status of the models, and about the lack of attention to the descriptive-normative division in the function of models. The works of John Dewey and other philosophers are cited. (PP)

Using a framework for planned change, this study assessed the status of knowledge about effective and ineffective school principal behaviors. Obstacles that principals face in their attempts at school improvement were also reviewed. (Author/PN)

Considers clients and their environments as components in a social-ecological approach to the counseling process. Although in its beginning stages, the technique provides a needed structure for offering clients alternative behavior change strategies. Counselors must confront and deal with factors outside of clients themselves that influence…

Considers the role of community services/continuing education (CS/CE) managers in shaping the future of their programs and the transformation of CS/CE management to a community-based, strategically oriented enterprise. Defines strategic management, listing its concrete, action-oriented elements. Reviews six phases of strategic change linked to…

Used an attitude survey and a role-playing case to identify the typical approaches people use to implement important changes in organizations. This strategy was not successful in producing change. Using the "Delta Technique," 86 percent of the subjects were successful in introducing change in another 14 role-playing trials. (Author/RC)

Although needed reforms of the social studies curriculum have been identified, recommendations for procedures for achieving these reforms are lacking. The author offers practical and simple steps to take in three areas: scope, sequence, and classroom realities. (Author/JM)

Two authors discuss the allocation of classroom instructional and noninstructional time and suggest ways that an elementary teacher can increase students' engaged time and his/her own productivity as a teacher. (Author/SJL)

Most assessment efforts suffer from being externally imposed on reluctant institutions. Factors that appear to influence the effectiveness of the various kinds of assessment attempts, their purpose and design, and their relationship to the ongoing health and prospects for institutions are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Reports on a concerted effort by consultant-scholars to influence the portrayal of drinking on television by working cooperatively with media writers, directors, and producers, while avoiding the pitfalls of traditional pressure group practices. Content analyses of prime-time programs were used as the basis of the appeal to change media messages.…

Proposes ways by which publications advisers can win over school administrators: keeping administrators informed, giving them good news about the publication staff, and letting them know that they are appreciated. (RL)