The literature on reform indicates that most proposed reforms are not implemented. Some causes of this are explored and it is suggested that many causes are located at the interfaces between politicians, planners, bureaucrats, and educators. The key persons capable of ameliorating the problems are professional planners and senior bureaucrats.…

Reviews two major approaches to educational reform: (1) a model which sets up varying kinds of alternatives to traditional schools; and (2) an approach that attempts to bring about systematic reform throughout a school or school district. Suggests that these strategies are not mutually exclusive. (Author/GC)

Given all the possible participants (parents, governments, schools, the media, business) in implementing new information technologies in education, the authors present two extreme scenarios: one in which all participate to develop instructional technology; the other in which no cooperation occurs. (Part of a theme issue on educational futures.)…

Anxiety is a critical factor present in initiating and maintaining drug-dependent behavior. This study examines test anxiety to determine if behavioral approach can be applied to treatment of test anxiety in a vocational rehabilitation program for drug abuse clients. Results indicate treatment strategies selected were effective in reducing…

Can schools and counselors eradicate ingrained bias and fight superstitions? Sexism is alive and well in education and counseling, but changes can be made. The process might be long and slow but once educators disregard sex as a key in the assessment of ability, changes will come. (Author)

Discusses the rhetoric of silence as an alternative to participation in a discussion of social issues, particularly when participation confirms the efforts of those who seek social control. Concludes that Booker T. Washington should have employed the strategy of silence when invited to address an exposition in Atlanta in 1895. (JMF)

An intervention program based on the group-work method, activity sessions, and input at the cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal level proved to be an effective means of activating culturally deprived women, and effecting meaningful changes in them. (Author)

Looks at the shortcomings of the Arabic writing system and reviews some suggestions for changing it. (JT)

This model is based on considerations of formulation of political goals, a situational-power audit, identification of political targets, power tactics of the change agent and internal change unit, and monitoring of the change process. This should help increase the probability of successful change. (Author/BEF)

The techniques of initiating and terminating therapeutic encounters have been disproportionately represented in the literature of strategic therapy. Using the patient's own report, the middle phase of therapy for severe marital difficulty is illustrated. Central to the final outcome was a paradoxical instruction. (Author)

Concludes that professional renewal by role swapping for short periods of time gives counselor educators and counseling practitioners personal insight into the ways each spends their time, as well as strengthening ties between them. (Author)

Colleges of education need to take an active leadership role in developing programs for education professionals serving in broad areas of community life. Recommendations are made for designing programs for future educators working in a nonschool setting. (JD)

Presents a list of potential ways the administrator may affect the school climate toward encouraging change and innovation by helping to minimize staff stress and burnout. (Author/SJL)

Reports on the development and implementation of a network of trainer-change agents to improve the quality of services delivered by a state mental health system. The conceptual framework and the central change effort, a training-of-trainers strategy, are described in detail. (SK)

Presents a therapeutic procedure designed to prescribe the family's troublesome behavior pattern. A complement precedes delivering a task assignment. The metaphorical task redefines the serious complaint pattern into only one of the many options a family has for dealing with each other. A case study is presented. (Author/BEF)