Intelligence can be best understood through the study of nonentrenched, i.e., novel, kinds of tasks. Such tasks require subjects to use concepts or form strategies that differ in kind from those to which they are accustomed. The only partial success of the cognitive-correlates and cognitive-components approaches to intelligence that are in…

In this study, free play with toys having unambiguous functions was examined to test the hypothesis that a basic cognitive metamorphosis is associated with the new competences displayed in children at about 12 months. Functional play was observed in 64 children at 9 1/2, 11 1/2, 13 1/2, and 15 1/2 months of age. Six sets of toys with 36…

A study was designed to examine the relationship between certain measures of cognitive development and reading scores, particularly reading comprehension scores. Forty-one adult basic education students, ranging from 16 to 62 years of age (mean age of 25) and predominantly from lower socioeconomic groups, were administered the following three…

Rational, defensible guidelines for use in identifying learning disabled children would assist in determining the most efficient use of diagnostic expertise, in specifying learning disabled populations for research purposes, and in assuring equity in the provision of diagnostic and remedial services. One commonly accepted symptom of learning…

This study attempted to determine whether attendance at a traditional preschool resulted in significant cognitive gains for young children over a 3-year period. The experimental group consisted of 59 children at four preschools. Each was matched with a nonattender on such variables as age, sex, intelligence, and family characteristics. The mean…

As part of a long term project relating individual differences in performance on paper and pencil tests of intellectual aptitude and achievement to differences observed in laboratory studies of cognition, data have been collected comparing test scores with simple choice reaction times. The three studies summarized here suggest that the…

Matching test (MT) construction techniques were compared. These included: (a) MT instruction that limit the number of times responses can be selected to once, rather than more than once; (2) MTs that are organized in groups of five premises, or stems, rather than in groups of ten premises; and (3) MTs designed to measure knowledge, rather than a…

This preliminary study explores (1) the relationship between children's behavioral responses to cognitive tasks in a testing situation and in a nursery school environment, and (2) the relationship of the above responses to sex, race, and class differences. Studies by Sigel investigating the classification behavior of preschool children, and by…

The study deals with five research questions: (1) is the Taxonomy of Education Objectives: Affective and Cognitive Domains a reasonable tool for use in stating and measuring attainment of objectives? (2) is the cognitive domain cumulative in social science subject matter? (3) does ability to operate at the various cognitive levels differ with…

This volume, designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, addresses the research needs of behavioral scientists interested in various facets of speech-communication and provides a theoretical point of departure for investigating speech as a behavioral science. Chapters 1-7 provide the background and strategy for the formulation of…

This experiment was designed to determine the relationship between reaction time, error rate and performance on a variety of cognitive and social measures, as well as in relation to demographic variables (race, months at Yonge School, grade, and sex). Sixty students (first through third grade) were tested on the first fifteen items of the…

This study is concerned with the prediction of college success in a group of primarily low socio-economic status (SES) Mexican-American youth. A total of 32 college freshmen participated, most of whom were poor and had below average academic averages as measured by high school grade point average. Selected sets of cognitive and personality…

This report is one of three concerning the 1972-73 field test of the Inquiry Role Approach (IRA) to biology teaching developed by the staff of the Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory (McREL), Kansas City, Missouri. This paper contains a report of the students' cognitive, affective, and social skills performance. The 1,300 students…

The criterion problem in the neoPiagetian cognitive-developmental literature is reviewed. This problem has provoked debate in the context of three empirical questions: concept age norms, concept training effects, and concept invariant sequences. It is argued that only the question of invaniant sequences in same-stage concepts is theoretically…

The relative effects of chronological age, mental age, IQ or Piagetian task performance were investigated among 143 Ss of high, average, and low IQ. Two kinds of group comparisons were made on fifteen tasks: (1) groups of the same chronological age, but different mental age and IQ, and (2) groups of the same mental age, but different chronological…