The lack of reading instruction for seventh and eighth graders is detrimental to their academic development at a most crucial educational period. This study presents both theory and data which substantiate the need for including reading as a specific curriculum element in the middle school. Middle school organizational plans are outlined and…

Data drawn from the Arizona statewide testing program were used to relate selected factors to third-grade reading achievement in a representative sample of 50 school districts. Analyses of scores on the Metropolitan Achievement Test indicated that reading scores were positively related to the average market value of single residences within the…

Designed to provide data establishing the effects of individualization, teacher directiveness, and learner support on reading achievement, this study utilized 118 first-grade classrooms representing 44 schools located in suburban, rural, city, and inner city areas. Measurement of the three dimensions of the classroom environment was achieved…

Three reading tests were given as pretests and posttests to 1,752 students in grades one through six in 12 Title I elementary schools. Of these students, 935 were enrolled in a special, individualized reading program utilizing reading centers housed in each school. Self-instructional materials were used as part of a diagnostic-prescriptive…

The effect of tutoring on the reading achievement of disadvantaged Puerto Rican college freshmen studying English as a second language was the focus of this study. Three instructional approaches were compared: directed tutoring, nondirected tutoring, and traditional classroom instruction. Directed tutors' activities were prescribed by a sequence…

This study examined the effects of three reading programs on the reading comprehension and vocabulary of 895 fifth graders and sixth graders. One program used a conventional basal reader; the second used the supplementary, behaviorally referenced Brentwood Educational System for Testing (BEST) and conventional basal reading materials; the third…

This study investigated the relationship between organizational climate and selected organizational variables--reading achievement, teacher experience, and teacher attrition. The study sample consisted of the total teaching staffs and 642 randomly selected students from five elementary schools in a metropolitan school district. Data were collected…

This study attempted to answer the following questions: Are all the concepts that reading tests are attempting to measure being taught in school? What are the characteristics of effective reading programs in school (e.g., amount of time, methods, materials, assistance, and support)? and What community-based variables are related to reading…

The basis for this report is an assessment by teachers, administrators, students and parents on how well Oregon's fourth graders are reading. The project was specifically designed to reflect concerns and goals which Oregon citizens regarded as relevant to their children's education. The first section of this report discusses the background of the…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two learning environments upon the self-concept and reading vocabulary of children who were mentally retarded educable or emotionally disturbed. The two learning environments were the traditional segregated special education classroom and the resource room used in conjunction with the…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teacher expectations on first-grade reading achievement. Rankings of reading readiness were collected from 26 classroom teachers before and after falsified reading readiness scores were presented to them. From 536 first graders, 32 high socioeconomic status with low reading readiness status…

The present study explored some of the implications of Carroll's model of school learning in the context of a group of school districts with varying resource use in regular and compensatory reading programs in the intermediate grades. Subjects were 2,516 students in grades four through six from four school districts. Though the findings of this…

Ways that reading evaluation programs can bring reading success to individual students are presented. Each chapter is written by an authority on one of the following topics: what evaluation is, who does it, and when it should be done; reading program goals as the basis for evaluation; informal techniques for assessing prereading behavior; use of…

The material included in this annotated bibliography has been arranged in several categories: general references to cloze procedure; methodology and rationale of cloze; cloze as a measure of readability, including cloze as a criterion to establish readability levels and as a predictor of achievement; cloze as a teaching technique; cloze in English…

This program, included in "Effective Reading Programs...," serves 1500 children from five elementary schools. Almost 100 percent of the children are black and come from an inner-city community in which family income is low, with 50 percent of the school children from welfare families. Children selected for this program show a deficit in…