The velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke of l68 male high school students in Japan were studied before and after they received training in the breaststroke. The increase in their swimming velocity resulted from an increase in the distance covered per stroke, not from a faster stroke rate. (Author/PP)

Investigated influence of sex-related contextual nature of tasks (male-related, female-related, and content-free tasks) and perceived difficulty of these tasks on logical reasoning of Nigerian high school students (N=70). Results indicated that males scored higher than females on male-related tasks and females scored higher on female-related…

Undergraduate subjects with either an internal or external locus of control were used to investigate the relationship between locus of control and responsiveness to expectations regarding their own and their teacher's competence. As predicted, internal subjects were more receptive to the expectation regarding self than external subjects.…

Reports the results of two experiments dealing with children's visual and tactual performance. In the first task, after several presentations of a series, the tactual group made almost errorless discriminations. But with memory demands, tactual performance became poorer than visual performance. Found a large developmental difference. (JAC)

Children in open and traditional classrooms were observed and tested on physiological and performance measures. The children were categorized into subgroups according to their arousal level. Analyses of variance revealed that performance of high-arousal children in open classrooms decreased over time in contrast to all other subgroups. (Author/AL)

Investigates Hall's psychological success-based model of career development using path analyses across three faculty roles. The model received moderate support for each role. Found alternative paths from performance to job involvement and satisfaction with promotional opportunities but did not contradict the portions of the psychological success…

Provides evidence indicating that activity-based science programs substantially improve performance in science process/creativity; modestly increase performance on tests of logic, perception, language development, science content, and mathematics; modestly improve attitude toward science and science class; and have pronounced benefits for…

Scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME), designed to reflect parental support of early cognitive and social development, were correlated with elementary school achievement five to nine years later. Results supported the predictive value of the instrument for school achievement among low-income families. (Author/DB)

Goal setting is examined as an influence on student learning and self-evaluation. Goal setting results in increased motivation, on-task behavior, effort, and persistence and conveys information concerning individual performance capabilities and personal accomplishments. (JN)

A study of Spanish-speaking elementary school students enrolled in an English as a second language program revealed a significant relationship between pupil placement status and subsequent student achievement. Methods and findings relevant to identifying schooling effects and linking these to school practices, and study of bilingual programs are…

Setting motor performance standards has long been an important process to physical educators. However, theoretical advances appropriate for standard-setting have been made only in the last decade. Issues in standard setting are discussed, procedures are reviewed, and gender differences in motor performance are considered. (Author/JN)

Successful and least successful fifth graders read and studied difficult or easily understood stories. For both groups, cued recall was higher on stories which made sense. Only the successful students were aware of having difficulty with the less-understandable stories, and allowed themselves more time to study them. (Author/GDC)

Senior high students who were given concepts simultaneously learned more than those who received concepts successively. A second variable, instructional control strategy, contrasted an adaptive (computer-assisted) control strategy with learner control. Performance was above the criterion level for the adaptive condition, but below it for learner…

Three limitations of the Barnes and Clawson review (EJ 135 379), which concluded that advance organizers do not facilitate learning, are discussed. Several theories of the effects of advance organizers on internal cognitive processes are presented, and theory-related studies provide evidence that advance organizers can affect learning in…

Describes a method to elicit data about the results of a personnel training program so that quality improvements can be made by having trainees' supervisors evaluate the training impact on the job. Also describes cases in different organizations where this approach was used to determine program weaknesses and strengths. (MF)