Students with writing difficulties and learning disabilities struggle with many aspects of the writing process, including use of sentence-level skills. This literature review summarizes results from 19 published articles that used single-case or group-experimental and quasi-experimental designs to investigate effects of intervention on the…

The intersection of No Child Left Behind (2002) and the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004) made it necessary for educators to examine achievement trends within their schools and implement a Response to Intervention (RTI) program. This study examines the achievement trends in one school district since its…

Changes in legislation and the policies of education (e.g., NCLB 2002, IDEA 2004), the potential benefits of response-to-intervention (RTI), and government funds to support early intervention have made RTI a prominent issue in current education. To prepare teachers for implementing RTI, there are several government-sponsored online professional…

Considerable government-funded efforts in school districts to train veteran teachers in the science of reading have been formed in response to the continuing difficulties and failure of nearly 40 percent of all American children (Walsh, Glaser, & Wilcox, 2006). A high percentage of the population of poor readers in this country is comprised of…

With the changes made to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-446), educational leadership is now able to use the Response to Intervention (RtI) process for Specific Learning Disability (SLD) determination rather than the long-standing discrepancy model (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004).…

Response to Intervention (RTI) emerged as a new service delivery model designed to meet the learning needs of all students prior to diagnosis and placement in the special education setting. The problem was few research studies had been conducted between general education teachers with intensive professional development and those without…

Perhaps more than any other single initiative, response to intervention is likely to restructure how middle and high school teachers teach in a very profound way. While the impact of RTI alone will be significant, when coupled with differentiated lesson activities for all Tier 1 instruction, and supported by up-to-date instruction technologies,…

Since the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004), public schools have been permitted to use a response to intervention model to address academic and social problems of students and identify students with disabilities. As the collective educational community tackles implementation of response to intervention…

When children and youth are referred to rehabilitative services, they, along with their families and teachers, often engage in the rehabilitation process with the belief that, with enough effort, the deficits will decrease or even disappear. It is critical that occupational therapists consider the messages they communicate to the children, youth,…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and reliability of the Readiness to Respond to Intervention Scale (RRIS), which is designed to assess adolescents' readiness to change. This measure is based on the Stage of Change Scale and assesses three stages of the Stage of Change Model (i.e.,…

Students with difficulties in specific cognitive processes and academic achievement with otherwise normal levels of intellectual functioning are classified as having a learning disability (LD). In spite of extensive recent research in a number of disciplines, controversial debate continues with regard to several issues. To reconcile some of them…

Response to Intervention (RTI) is an approach that is gaining acceptance in kindergarten-Grade 12 in many schools throughout the U.S. RTI has a dual focus--improving the quality of instructional practices for all students, and as providing additional instructional and behavioral supports for some students to ensure that every student succeeds in…

Teachers' satisfaction with school psychological services has been studied for more than 30 years. Few to no studies, however, are available that provide data about the perceptions of school psychologists regarding their perceived value within different service delivery models, particularly those involving Response to Intervention (RTI) models.…

This study explored how the process of Response to Intervention (RTI) has changed the roles of three veteran special educators. The background knowledge of these teachers that helped make the initiative successful, as well as the "building blocks" that were present in the initial implementation of RTI models in their settings, were…

For many students, school counselors and school psychologists are the initial and primary mental health service providers. The authors will articulate how these two professional groups can use complementary competencies to better serve students through collaborative efforts. Within the context of Response to Intervention and the CDCGP Model, a…