Falls are a major cause of injuries in young adults and occur due to an inability to recover from a loss of balance. Since previous studies have reported that applying subthreshold vibration to the foot sole enhances tactile feedback and improves standing balance, this study aimed to extend these findings by examining whether vibration also…

Migrant children are more likely to experience challenging circumstances and exhibit greater emotional and behavioral difficulties than native children. Nowadays, mindfulness training (MT) has been employed as a means of enhancing health-related outcomes in children and adolescents, with promising results. The present study employed a randomized…

Neuroinflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Minocycline is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 9 (MMP9) inhibitor tetracycline antibiotic with known anti-inflammatory properties. In preclinical animal models of ASD, minocycline has demonstrated potential positive effects on…

Background: Endings in therapy are discussed widely in mainstream literature, however, there is only a small amount of research that considers endings in therapy for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Eight therapists were interviewed about their experience of ending therapy with people with intellectual disabilities. Interviews were…

Special education teachers often make decisions about interventions to help reduce student problem behavior. There are many variables that impact how teachers make decisions regarding behavioral interventions, and the current study aimed to quantitatively evaluate how delay to treatment outcomes affect teacher decision-making. This study used the…

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a therapeutic option currently used by autistic people with continued interest and uptake. There remains limited evidence regarding the efficacy of CAM use in autism. The aim of this systematic review is to comprehensively review published clinical trials to explore the efficacy of CAM in autism. A…

The behavior-analytic approach to the assessment and treatment of problem behavior begins with a functional behavior assessment and concludes with function-based treatment implementation. Extinction bursts and the resurgence of problem behavior represent common barriers to successfully implementing these treatments. Recent research documents a…

Simulated treatment comparison (STC) is an established method for performing population adjustment for the indirect comparison of two treatments, where individual patient data (IPD) are available for one trial but only aggregate level information is available for the other. The most commonly used method is what we call 'standard STC'. Here we fit…

Meta-analysis is commonly used to combine results from multiple clinical trials, but traditional meta-analysis methods do not refer explicitly to a population of individuals to whom the results apply and it is not clear how to use their results to assess a treatment's effect for a population of interest. We describe recently-introduced causally…

Jaw cyst is a common bone cyst affecting the jaw. Clinically, fenestration decompression is the first choice for treating jaw cysts in children, but traditional strategy still has limitations in positioning accuracy, potential trauma, adherence, etc. This study designed an improved strategy, three-dimensional digital guide plate-based fenestration…

This dissertation aimed to explore the use of machine learning (ML) models in in-patient clinical settings. A literature review was conducted to identify existing guidelines and frameworks for such models, and an in-depth study was conducted on ML-based models to understand their behavior and implications on patient outcomes. A conceptual…

Demand fading involves the removal and gradual reintroduction of demands and has been shown to effectively reduce escape-maintained challenging behavior. However, it is currently unclear if there are common demand fading practices when demand fading is used as an initial intervention rather than as a method for schedule thinning after another…

Introduction: Crisis intervention aims to prevent hospital admissions by providing rapid assessment and intensive support in the community. Interest is growing in the potential of crisis care for people with intellectual disabilities who often have co-occurring psychiatric disorders and challenging behaviors. They are at high risk for admission to…

Purpose: This study investigates early anatomic determinants influencing the likelihood of cleft speech characteristics (CSCs) in children with cleft palate with or without lip involvement (CP+/-L). The primary objective was to identify critical anatomic factors within the first year of life that impact the presence of CSCs at Age 3. Methods: The…

Purpose: The purposes of this review article were to provide an introduction to and "bird's-eye" overview of the current evidence base for treatment of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), identify some gaps and trends in this rapidly growing literature, and formulate some future research directions, in order to advance the evidence base…