A study of the acquisition of Turkish and German by immigrant children in West Germany addressed three issues: (1) the role of cognitive development and age of learning in the process of language acquisition, (2) the role of transfer between languages, and (3) the effects of greater or lesser contact with native speakers of the two languages being…

"SPOKEN ENGLISH FOR TURKS," BASED ON ROBERT B. LEES'"KONUSULAN INGILIZCE" (WASHINGTON, D.C., AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, 1957), COMPRISES A GRADED AND CONTROLLED SERIES OF BEGINNING TO ADVANCED TEXTS FOR TURKISH STUDENTS OF ENGLISH AT COLLEGE PREPARATORY LEVEL. ORAL-AURAL IN APPROACH, A KEY FEATURE OF THE SERIES IS…

This paper highlights the importance of phonology in the acquisition of the English monophthong system and offers English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) teachers practical suggestions for enhancing the efficacy of their daily classroom performance. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of phonetic mistakes made by Georgian and Turkish adult…

This issue includes the following articles: "Assimilation to the Unmarked" (Eric Bakovic); "On the Non-Universality of Functional Projections and the Effects on Parametrized Variation: Evidence from Creoles" (Marlyse Baptista); "What Turkish Acquisition Tells Us about Underlying Word Order and Scrambling" (Natalie…

The comprehension of sentences expressing instigative causation was investigated in children aged two to four speaking English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. Cross-linguistic differences in development revealed the roles of morphological and syntactic devices in processing these constructions. The word order systems of English and Italian…

We study family background effects on participation in primary and secondary education of children in Turkey using large representative data sets. Educational participation, especially of girls, is found to be still a major concern, with non-enrollment being especially high in the countryside and the eastern part of the country. Parental…

In the present study we investigate sentence production in the German interlanguage of Turkish students who have learned German as a first and English as a second foreign language. The students know both languages at an (advanced) intermediate level. Nevertheless, we observed some properties of the German interlanguage that seem to indicate an…

Item bias is defined as the dependence of item responses and group membership conditional on the value of the trait that the test is supposed to measure. The results of item bias detection methods based on this conditional definition and using a stepwise or iterative procedure appear to be adequate. In this paper, experimental studies in the…

Many speakers of Modern Greek have an exaggerated notion of the superiority of their language vis-a-vis Turkish and the languages of Southeastern Europe. It would therefore come as a surprise to some Greeks that Modern Greek lexical elements in Romanian have undergone a substantial stylistic demotion during the past century or so. In this paper…

A COMPARISON OF AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING COMPREHENSION TEST WITH ITS TURKISH TRANSLATION AND RETRANSLATION WAS CONDUCTED. THE INSTRUMENTS CONSISTED OF TWO PARALLEL FORMS OF A READING TEST OF COLLEGE ENTRANCE LEVEL. THEY WERE TRANSLATED INTO TURKISH, AND THEN RETRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH. SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES WERE ALSO EMPLOYED. THE SAMPLE…

Decoding and comprehension skills were assessed for Turkish and American first and third graders. Twenty students in each group were tested on a pseudoword vocalization task and on a paragraph comprehension task. The data suggest that languages with more regular letter-sound correspondences lead to faster acquisition of decoding skills. (Author/BS)

There are differences between, and among, people in ethnic communities. This study seeks to provide a more nuanced snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) participation and completion rates among Arabic, Bosnian, Cantonese, Spanish, Turkish, and Vietnamese communities. It investigates the effectiveness of English as a second language…

Investigates how Turkish children of different ages discuss a conversation they have witnessed during a televised dialog between two Sesame Street characters. Findings reveal that there is a developmental change in children's ability to use appropriate linguistic means to orient their listeners to the different properties of a conversation. (17…

Studies the language proficiency of the Turkish returnees from Germany who were either born in Germany or emigrated there with their parents at a young age. Results indicate that returnees have a deficit in cognitive academic language proficiency compared to control groups and that a correlation exists between language proficiency in Turkish,…

Short case studies show that certain inflectional categories, particularly morphological case, cannot be treated as functional heads projecting a phrase of their own. Examples are drawn from Hungarian, Finnish and Finno-Volgaic, Erzya Mordvin, Icelandic, and Turkish. (Contains 27 references.) (LB)