Compares three models of agriculture in universities: (1) the current rigid departmentalized model; (2) the integrative university with cross-disciplinary linkages and information exchange with farmers; and (3) the active learning university with students and faculty integrated in the farming environment and two-way flow of knowledge and…

Scaling-up (the expansion or development of organizational activities of nongovernmental agencies to achieve greater impact) in community-based rehabilitation is described by using case study materials from industrialized and less-developed countries (India, Canada, and Indonesia) and focusing on differences in structural characteristics of…

Applying "Third World" theories to "First World" contexts is risky. Four problematic tendencies in using the work of Paulo Freire are failure to consider its social context, fragmentation of his texts, reductionism in using his principles and practices, and reluctance to assess his ideas critically. (SK)

This column is the first in a series exploring "new" expanded conceptions of literacy education. Examples of these new expanded conceptions include visual literacy, critical literacy, hypertext, media literacy, multimedia, drama, music and other less "traditional" forms of print and nonprint text. It is through discussions of these multiple…

For five decades, medical education policy in the United States has been built around the expectation that, if too few physicians were produced, additional physicians would be available from other countries. That policy is examined in the context of the desire for an ever-increasing number of physicians who will provide an ever-expanding array of…

The Bayh-Dole Act has been remarkably successful in promoting the transfer of technology in the USA from federally funded research labs to the private sector. Although other governments are now looking to Bayh-Dole as a model, most of this interest has been limited to developed countries. This article examines the potential benefits of the…

While much is known about the economics of training in the developed world, studies of issues associated with training in less-developed countries are rarely found. Based on a survey conducted in China, the present study attempts to fill this gap. Job characteristics and firm background were found to play key roles in determining training…

This article adapts a modification of Tamura's theoretical proposition and conducts a cross-country empirical investigation in an attempt to evaluate convergence on two different human capital proxies; namely enrollment rates and per capita researchers. The analysis considers three country groups at significantly different development levels:…

Increasingly, western developed countries are committed to improving prevention and early intervention strategies that address risks in all areas of children's lives. This article considers the "how" and "why" of such refocusing activity. Five sets of strategies for refocusing are described: developing and using local evidence; designing,…

Sustainability does not have the same connotations for the Brazilian people as it does for many Europeans or North Americans. For the poorest communities of Brazil, sustainability means having enough food, safe shelter, and access to health services, and these depend upon getting a job, and having a job depends on education--to be able to learn…

Researchers have identified how in some rapidly developing countries, road and aviation transportation CO2 emissions are rising faster (over time) when compared to the experiences of the USA at similar levels of economic development. While suggestive of how experiences of the rapidly developing Asia are different from those of the developed world…

Governments of developed nations use a variety of policy instruments to enhance university research and knowledge transfer capabilities. These include advocacy, persuasion and information; consultation and committees of enquiry; creation of major research centres and commercialisation agencies, and investment in research infrastructure; grants,…

While the process and practices of retail product development in developed countries have been documented, a void exists in descriptive analysis regarding retail product development in an international setting. The primary purpose of this study was to explore small business apparel retailing, and specifically the retail product development process…

One of the defining characteristics of the late 20th and early 21st centuries is the increasing importance of international migration, an epoch Castles and Miller term the "age of migration." The precise size of the international migrant population is unknown. Much of this movement--such as unauthorized and other irregular flows--is not…

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in promoting economic wellbeing, with a particular focus on the role of educational quality. It concludes that there…