Covering a 500-year span, this article traces the changes in and evolution of the Spanish language from its earliest written accounts in the eleventh century to the Spanish that was brought by the Conquistadores to the New World. (DS)

Described is a preschool science activity in which students use shell collections. This activity demonstrates how language development and reading readiness skills are interrelated with science. Prereading and reading activities are described involving the students in direct interaction with the shell collection. (DS)

A model of vocational decision status was developed, and an instrument was constructed and used to assess its three dimensions. Results demonstrated the utility of the model, supported the reliability and validity of the instrument, and illustrated the value of viewing vocationally undecided students as multiple subtypes. (Author)

Findings suggest memory deficits of educable mentally retarded (EMR) individuals cannot be completely attributed to a production deficiency involving failure to use spontaneously mnemonic strategies consistent with semantic organization. Normal and EMR individuals differ in verbal ability and achievement as well as in using plans to organize…

A review of prior classification systems of runaways is followed by a descriptive taxonomy of runaways developed using cluster-analytic methods. The empirical types illustrate patterns of weakness in bonds between runaways and families, schools, or peer relationships. (Author)

The hierarchical relationships between behaviors in the cognitive and affective domains that led to teachers' voluntary acceptance of Individually Guided Education were studied, using ordering theory. The results indicated that cognitive skills and attitudes were integrally related and built on each other, leading to mastery of the goal.…

Reports a study wherein a foreign language aptitude test was used to group German students beginning English language instruction in three types of German intermediate schools. Students were tested periodically to determine if the groups originally established were maintained. By the end of the second year, they were not. (PMJ)

Further evidence is provided for assessing the use of cluster analysis in comparison with other multivariate methods. When appropriately used, cluster analysis is a convenient tool for developing empirically based diagnostic groupings. The frequently stated limitations of the technique should not invalidate the obtained groupings of such cases.…

Presents a rationale for studying psycholinguistic aspects of the writing process and outlines a model of writing based on a psycholinguistic model of talking. Offers an analytical study of 450 syntax errors written by college students demonstrating the usefulness of studying writing as derivative of normal speaking processes. (HOD)

After a brief reminder of the essentials of the Structure-of-Intellect model, this paper points out what this model can tell us about the nature of learning, the imbalances in education and intelligence testing, about procedures for fostering intellectual growth, and about other incidental educational problems. (Author)

Activities and experiments with leaves are given for use with elementary students. Classifying and measuring are ideas which are suggested for involving children in some in-depth projects with leaves. (SA)

A teacher describes her method for putting students in small groups so that optimum learning takes place. (MK)

Cases of youngsters referred to a voluntary shelter program for runaways were examined. Three distinct subgroups were identified: runaways, "castaways" forced from home, and youngsters housed temporarily for other agencies. The demographic and circumstantial differences between these groups was felt to call into question the blanket…

This paper presents a rationale for the use of group techniques in counseling adolescents. It delineates specific practical implications and guidelines for group counselors to consider. Specifically, group selection, group size and composition, and topical content are discussed as they relate to developmental issues during adolescence. (Author/KC)

In order to study developmental and task-related factors in ability to coordinate two dimensions, a simple multiplicative relations matrix task was presented to 51 children in kindergarten and grades 1 and 2. (MS)