Studied black five-year olds from a school in an impoverished urban area (n=32) and white five-year olds from a blue-collar suburban area (n=32) for their school achievement at the end of kindergarten. The same cognitive intervention was attempted with children from both school populations. Discusses research methodology and research findings. (KW)

Four human judges agreed highly among themselves about the presence of errors committed by 60 adults solving algebra word problems, but were in less agreement about categorizing faults. An expert system agreed with judges about correctness of answers, but was in even less agreement about categorizing the faults. (SLD)

Demonstrates a method of visual analysis which takes advantage of the pooling technique of topic-document set creation in the TREC collection. Describes the procedures used to create the initial visual fields, and their respective treatments as vectors without stemming and vectors with stemming; discusses results of these treatments and…

Connections between current and historical autism-specific behavior reported using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised were investigated using 93 subjects showing autistic behaviors. The association was high, although there was a tendency for diagnostic exclusion of adolescents and adults, especially verbal, high-functioning individuals who…

Investigated 7-year-olds', 9-year-olds', and adults' ability to classify children's and adults' faces by sex using only biological based internal facial structure. Found that participants categorized adult faces by sex at accuracy levels varying from just above chance (7-year-olds) to nearly perfect (adults). All groups were less accurate for…

Four adults with mild mental retardation were taught to sort based on what two pictures had in common and to comply with a series of instructions to sort the pictures selectively. After failing the task, they were taught to act on what they told themselves and self-instructed correctly. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

Describes results of an exploratory survey that examined public library electronic mail reference services and the patrons who used them. Discusses results of print questionnaires and Web-based questionnaires that investigated user satisfaction and classified email reference questions received by public libraries. Library questionnaire and web…

Discusses five-kingdom classification and the changes in understanding over the years. First published in 1983. (YDS)

Reviews 4 key intervention strategies for students at risk: (1) Sorting (of students into homogeneous subgroups); (2) Supporting (of students dealing with life's problems); (3) Connecting (of students with each other and the institution); and (4) Transforming (of students and the institution). (50 references) (JDI)

This study examined effects of individual differences in speak-span scores and variations in memory demands on class-inclusion performance of 10-, 13-, and 15-year-olds. Results from regression analyses and the mathematical model indicated that differences in age, speak span, and memory load affected performance. Effects of speak span and memory…

This article describes a continuum of definitions of giftedness from conservative to liberal and discusses how these definitions relate to the development of the 3-ring conception of giftedness. In this definition, above average ability, task commitment, and creativity are seen as 3 interactive clusters of traits that gifted students may exhibit.…

Specific reading disability/dyslexia is examined as the one type of learning disability for which research results are consistent enough to suggest a model. The implications of this model are considered and three types of learning disabilities are discussed: specific language impairments, specific reading disability/dyslexia, and specific math…

Focuses on "organizers," tools or techniques that provide identification and classification along with possible relationships or connections among ideas, concepts, and issues. Discusses David Ausubel's research and ideas concerning advance organizers; the implications of Ausubel's theory to curriculum and teaching; "webbing," a…

Developed a procedure for defining achievement levels on continuous scales using aspects of Guttman scaling (L. Guttman, 1950) and Item Response Theory. Using data from high school mathematics tests for about 6,000 students, found the new procedure to have higher reliability, higher classification consistency, and lower classification error than…

Presents a review of David K. Brooks' generic life-skills taxonomy. Discusses implications of a life-skills taxonomy in terms of its theoretical and practice fit with key features of mental health counseling. Argues that a life-skills approach based on developmental theory and research provides a practical framework to deliver effective treatments…