This introduction to a special issue devoted to modeling data, information, and knowledge briefly describes the origins of the papers presented and the topics covered, which include: Boolean logic; probability theory; artificial intelligence; organizing and encoding information and data; and characteristics of users of retrieval systems. (12…

The existence of higher-order factors within the cognition and convergent production operations and product dimensions of the structure-of-intellect model of J. P. Guilford was investigated. Data from 240 aviation officer candidates and Naval air cadets were reanalyzed via maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis, using the LISREL program.…

The relationship between non-verbal decoding ability and social intelligence, defined as the ability to decode social information accurately, was studied using 40 adults. Results are discussed in the framework of R. J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of human intelligence. Decoding skills appeared to be an important part of social intelligence. (SLD)

Discusses the changes in psychological testing and the rapidity of their development. Describes trends in the role of the test user, technical methodology of test construction, and interpretation of test scores. (Author)

Comparison of scores on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised of 67 students (ages 6-12) referred for possible learning disabilities found strong relationships among all the global standard scores on both instruments with different score patterns for those with severe disabilities.…

Investigated the overlap between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) in light of their use in diagnosing children's learning problems using scores for children (N=1,181) on the WISC-R and the HRNB. Results showed primary overlap between measures was attributed to…

Among findings of a comparison of 74 learning disabled college freshmen and non-handicapped peers on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised, were no significant differences between verbal and performance scale discrepancies, more variable subtest performances by LD students, and lower mean scores by LD students. (Author/DB)

Hierarchical factor analyses involving Schmid-Leiman transformations were conducted on specific cognitive abilities data collected from 148 identical and 135 fraternal twin pairs from the Western Reserve Twin Project. Model fitting results reflect genetic influences on specific abilities and suggest that environmental influences are less…

Investigates the role of information retrieval in the enhancement from database management to knowledge base management and considers the relationship between information retrieval and artificial intelligence. Highlights include unstructured databases; storage of internal forms of documents; an example with relational database operations; and…

Brain size and cerebral glucose metabolic rate were determined for 10 individuals with mild mental retardation (MR), 7 individuals with Down syndrome (DS), and 10 matched controls. MR and DS groups both had brain volumes of about 80% compared to controls, with variance greatest within the MR group. (SLD)

It is argued that the study of one important aspect of intelligence, creativity, can be furthered by the introduction of causal theories and their experimental study. Purely correlational investigations are a useful beginning, but psychology can only acquire true scientific stature by combining correlational and experimental approaches. (SLD)

This paper reviews 20 studies that investigated the internal or external validity of various subtypes of autistic spectrum disorders. At least three groups could be distinguished from autism on clinical grounds: an Asperger syndrome subtype, and two atypical subtypes characterized by either low intelligence quotient or high intelligence quotient.…

Provides a preliminary examination of the relationships which exist between the disciplines of communication and computer science. Isolates the original principles which determined the development of computer science. Suggests how these early formation principles had and continue to have on the study of communication. Focuses on the seminal role…

Compared high-risk (n=20) versus low-risk (n=15) children in their performance on Wechsler Preschool Primary Intelligence Scale at pre- and postkindergarten levels. High-risk group had, at birth, experienced prematurity and/or illness. Both groups demonstrated increases in performance: high-risk children showed increases predominantly in…

Argues that the mission of the university is to create intelligence. Defines intelligence, discusses research on cognitive processes of learning, and discusses obstacles to using the demonstrate-label-coach-mastery strategy emphasizing the value of the clinical approach used to teach seven specific skills. Presents a classroom illustration of this…