The relationship between mental retardation and brain size is discussed. Research suggests that a common path for many otherwise idiopathic mild retardation cases (genetic or environmental) could be small brain size, indicating reduced information processing capacity. Suggestions are made for further research on neuron number. (SLD)

This paper explores the fundamental rift between parents raising exceptionally gifted children and theorists who dismiss this population as "statistically insignificant." The role of intelligence tests in identifying the highly unusual mind is examined. The paper concludes that exceptionally gifted children are suffering intellectual…

Discusses trends in the fields of knowledge engineering and historical sciences to speculate about possibilities of converging interests and applications. Topics addressed include artificial intelligence and expert systems; the history of information science; history as a related field; historians as information scientists; multidisciplinary…

Examined concurrent validity of Nonvocal Cognitive Quotient (NVCQ) of Cognitive Abilities Scale (CAS) and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (Binet IV) for two and three year olds. Found adequate concurrent validity for CAS NVCQ and Binet IV Verbal Comprehension at both age levels as well as for Nonverbal Reasoning/Visualization…

Thirty-two preschool children were administered the Cognitive Levels Test (CLT) to evaluate its temporal stability and concurrent validity. Results indicated good temporal stability for the CLT-Cognitive Index and high correlations between the CLT-Cognitive Index and the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition. (Author/JDD)

For 72 elementary school students, Slosson Intelligence Tests (SITs) administered by school counselors correlated significantly with school psychologist-administered Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (r=.75). Slosson intelligence quotient (IQ) correlated significantly higher with WISC-R Verbal IQ than with Performance IQ.…

This study, involving 64 students with specific learning disabilities, found positive correlations between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) and the Arithmetic subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R), the KeyMath-Revised, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, but not between the WISC-III and…

This study of 72 elementary children with learning disabilities explored how children maintain a positive self-concept despite academic difficulties. Children with high global self-concept, compared to low global self-concept, perceived themselves as more intelligent, more competent in nonacademic domains, and receiving more social support.…

The goal of this paper is to explore the ramifications of a nontraditional view of cognition and social interaction for the study of grammatical structure. (Contains 77 references.) (JL)

Discusses expert systems, intelligent computer-assisted instruction, and human-machine interface as they relate to business and education. (JOW)

It is argued that intelligent behavior cannot be understood without reference to inhibitory processes. A review of research findings suggests that resistance to interference and the capacity for inhibition are important sources of individual differences, associated with the operation of the frontal lobes of the brain. (SLD)

Administered 1930s version of Pintner General Ability Tests: Verbal Series to 138 fifth grade students. Compared to scores from current intelligence and achievement tests, Pintner means were similar. Correlations of Pintner with other tests were of same order as those typically reported among contemporary measures. Item difficulty appeared similar…

Event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction time (RT) were recorded concurrently during performance of 6 simple cognitive tasks by 30 right-handed women who varied in mental ability. Results suggest that ERPs and RT may assess stimulus evaluation time and the response-production time components of cognitive information processing. (Author/SLD)

Cranial capacities were calculated from external head measurements reported for a stratified random sample of 6,325 Army personnel measured in 1988. Data suggest that human populations differ in brain size by race and sex. The major source of variation in data was sex; race was second and rank last. (Author/SLD)

Two structural laws for intelligence tests are discussed: one law concerns the sign of correlation coefficients and gives conditions under which all correlations between test items will be positive; and one law concerns the relative sizes of the correlation coefficients between intelligence items. A cylindrical structure extends these laws. (SLD)