Measured aspects of problem solving in adult male psychiatric patients (n=9), who were hospitalized after attempted suicide. Controls (n=15) were patients with chronic idiopathic pain and healthy volunteers. Results indicated there were no differences in problem solving or flexibility, although suicidal patients scored significantly lower on…

Examined relationships among experimental tasks to measure planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive (PASS) cognitive processing following from Luria's theoretical model. Compared PASS model with null, memory-reasoning, verbal-nonverbal, and verbal-spatial-speed models. Results from students in grades K-2 (n=75) and 5-12 (n=132) indicated…

Examined factor structure of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised in 829 children and young adolescents with Full Scale Intelligence Quotients greater than or equal to 120. Most parsimonious interpretation of congruence analyses favored one-factor solution over two-factor solution conforming to verbal-performance dichotomy. One-factor…

Investigated most frequent types of examiner errors made by graduate students (n=26) in administering Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and examined on which items these mistakes were most likely to occur. Findings identified deficiencies in traditional methods of teaching students how to administer the WISC-R. Students…

Presents a table that may be used to determine the probability of obtaining various Verbal Performance Scale discrepancies on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R). The table of differences is age referenced and should be used to determine the reliability of differences between Verbal and Performance Scale…

Responds to "Birth Order and Intelligence: Further Tests of the Confluence Model" by Robert D. Retherford and William H. Sewell. Reviews their arguments and suggests that their analyses of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study data support rather than contradict the model. (CJS)

Describes a conceptual Knowledge Representation Language (KRL) developed at the French National Center for Scientific Research, that is used for the construction and use of Large Knowledge Bases (LKBs) and/or Intelligent Information Retrieval Systems (IIRSs). Semantic factors are discussed, and the specialization hierarchies used are explained.…

A sample of 104 juvenile offenders completed the Gates-McGinitie Reading Test, Stanford Test of Academic Skills, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Delinquent youth exhibited deficient academic skills, low average IQs, low socioeconomic status, and disruptive behavior charges. (SK)

Fifty gifted students, aged 9-17, were tested with the gifted identification battery from Stanford-Binet IV and the SRA Educational Ability Series (EAS). The EAS was found to be a feasible test for screening gifted students. The discrepancies between the standard scores of the two tests were low and favored the EAS. (Author/JDD)

Discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and considers four potential roles for AI in information retrieval (IR): (1) information characterization, i.e., building a knowledge base; (2) information seeking, i.e., search formulation; (3) support functions, including abstracting; and (4) systems integration. Three examples are given that show how AI…

Factors described by Horn as affected by aging were hypothesized to physiologically define functional intelligence. Fifty older women, grouped as either Independent or Partially Dependent, completed tasks to assess cognitive status. Tasks were more often sensitive to increased dependence than to chronological age and generally supported nomination…

The relationship between brain asymmetry and age-related differences in cognitive abilities was examined for 29 adults aged 18 to 78 years using magnetic resonance imagery (MRI). Brain and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex size correlated positively with fluid intelligence but did not add to the fluid intelligence variance explained by age alone.…

Spectral Management Theory describes eight management styles in terms of cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics: innovator, developer, analyzer, enterprising, manager of change, people manager, action manager, and adoptive manager. It incorporates multiple intelligences theory and can be applied to managing across cultures. (SK)

Investigated optimal two-, three-, four-, and five-test short forms of the Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Adultos (EIWA), the Spanish form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (D. Wechsler, 1956). Results with 616 adults suggest that use of the EIWA should be limited to research and tracking cognitive changes over time. (SLD)

Discussion of learner-centered design focuses on the development of switchEr, a specific learning environment changed to an intelligent learning environment by switching from one external representation (ER) to another. Topics include user-centered design; the role of artificial intelligence; and the development of effective educational computing…