Compares the structure of language and meaning in speaking, writing, and computing. Argues that writing and computing are biased toward a radical explicitness that eliminates the role of interpretation, the construction of a personal, subjective meaning. Discusses the cognitive implications of teaching children to cope with this explicitness. (KH)

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children is reviewed in terms of technical and theoretical aspects, the issue of cultural bias, its procedure for comparing cognitive performance and academic achievement, and its predictive validity for academic achievement. The paper concludes by summarizing the test's characteristics that should be considered…

Self concepts of 102 gifted fourth grade children assessed prior to gifted class placement were systematically higher than those of 92 subjects assessed after beginning the program. A significant interaction between time of assessment and IQ was found. (CL)

Over 500 men who attended an independent school for children with developmental dyslexia were followed up from one to 38 years after they left the school. Socioeconomic status and IQ were not predictive of adult outcome. Severity of reading problem upon entrance and academic and remedial progress while at school were predictive of adult…

Legislation in Ontario to encourage early identification in school of those who will become future scientists, mathematicians, sculptors, composers, painters, dancers, etc. leads to the question of whether artistic and scientific achievement can be distinguished at an early age. Further investigation is needed, putting into question the…

Recommends use of entries from the information retrieval diary of Ted Crump, expert technical translator at the National Institute of Health, in the construction of computer models showing how expert translators solve problems of ambiguity in language. Expert and inexpert translation systems, eponyms, abbreviations, and alphabetic solutions are…

Updates previous literature reviews by reporting recent findings about the Wechsler Intelligence scales and other performance tests with American Indians. Discusses test bias and the unwitting role of clinical psychologists in preserving the American Indian status quo through testing. Suggests ways to increase awareness of responsible and ethical…

The relationship between hearing disorder and performance on intelligence tests among 28 children and young adults with Down Syndrome was investigated. Performance on intelligence tests by individuals with abnormal tympanograms was inferior to that of individuals with normal tympanograms. Hearing sensitivity measures were uncorrelated to…

Learning Disabled children (N=198) were tested on both the WISC-R (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) and K-ABC (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children). Joint factor analysis produced three-factor and four-factor solutions. Factors corresponding to three K-ABC scales generally converged with three WISC-R factors. (Author/CL)

The relationship between forward and backward digit span and basic cognitive processes was examined. Subjects were administered measures of sequential processing, simultaneous processing, and planning. Correlational analyses indicated the serial processing character of forward digit span, and the relationship between backward digit span and…

Illustrates a method for generating continuously adjusted age norms using the normative data for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). Specific procedures for calculating age-adjusted Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ scores also are demonstrated, with a worked example. Comparisons show continuous norming scores are more…

Reviews the effects of vision changes on intelligence and explains how intellectual performance may be improved by attempting to compensate for vision loss. Suggests that vision factors can't be ignored when assessing intellectual changes and may account for a large portion of mental impairment previously ascribed to other factors. (JAC)

Examined the level of perceptual differentiation of 42 young adult drug addicts. Analysis of variance showed that addicts, like alcoholics, were less perceptually differentiated than normals. Correlational and/or multivariate procedures yielded significant relationships between differentiation, verbal and abstraction abilities, likelihood of…

Administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, and Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence in a counterbalanced design to randomly selected elementary school children (N=72). Results indicated that the verbal Intelligence Quotients (IQs) were comparable, but the performance and…

Samples in research on individual and group differences may be selected based on whole scores which differ from the population mean. Children are diagnosed in clinical practice with a whole score. These procedures produce regression to the population mean which can affect accuracy and adequacy of part score interpretations. (Author/DWH)