Argues that use of intelligence as an aptitude benchmark in the definition of dyslexia conceals illogical assumptions about the concept of potential. Concludes that the validity of a severe discrepancy between aptitude and achievement as the defining feature of dyslexia has yet to be established sufficiently to justify differential educational…

Content analysis of the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI) revealed differences in the nature of perceptual and conceptual items. Both language-impaired and normal-language children performed significantly better on perceptual-type than conceptual-type items. The predominance of perceptual items was…

A study involving 20 Afrikaans-speaking children with cerebral palsy found that recurrent otitis media in early childhood had a negative effect on articulation abilities of the 7 to 11-year-old children but that other factors such as intelligence also played a role. (JDD)

Interviews with 180 second, fourth, and sixth graders concerning control beliefs, agency beliefs, and means-ends beliefs showed that only agency beliefs were strongly and consistently related to cognitive performance. (RH)

J. Dirks (1982) reported that the Block-Design subtest score from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised is amenable to practice effects transferred from a game. Results from the assessment of two other spatial games, using 37 children in daycare (23 experimentals and 14 controls) indicate no transfer effects. (TJH)

The phonological patterns of 22 children with Down's Syndrome, aged 6-12, were tested to assess the relationships among cluster reduction, liquid simplification and sentence length, age, and intelligence quotient. Sentence length was found to be the primary predictor of cluster reduction and liquid simplification in the children's articulatory…

Administered Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), and Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT) to 70 preschoolers identified at-risk. PPVT-R and EOWPVT were found to be significantly correlated with Verbal and Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores of…

This study compared achievement discrepancies for two groups of college students--a randomly selected group of freshmen and a sample of students identified as learning disabled. It found such a considerable overlap in achievement/ability discrepancies between the two groups that such discrepancies could not be considered diagnostic. (Author/DB)

Describes SCISOR (System for Conceptual Information Summarization, Organization and Retrieval), a prototype intelligent information retrieval system that extracts useful information from large bodies of text. It overcomes limitations of linguistic coverage by applying a text processing strategy that is tolerant of unknown words and gaps in…

Using 17 female and 33 male Yale undergraduates, the relationship between the ability to cope with relative novelty and intelligence was assessed. Results of subjects' performance of novel and non-novel versions of a sentence-verification task indicated that the relationship was positive. (TJH)

Describes the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Gateway Information System, which provides communications capabilities and access to online databases for DoD microcomputer end-users. Functions, structure, development, and artificial intelligence applications of the system are discussed. (11 references) (MES)

The study investigated the concurrent validity of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised and Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence for 15 language delayed and 36 non-language delayed children (ages 45 to 76 months). (DB)

Summarizes recent advances in computer simulation and "reverse engineering" technologies, highlighting the Human Genome Project to scan the human genetic code; artificial retina chips to copy the human retina's neural organization; high-speed, high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanners; and the virtual book. Discusses…

Research conducted by the Center for Arts in the Basic Curriculum shows arts-integrated schools are the most promising way to improve American education. CABC's work is based on three principles: arts are cognitive domains triggering multiple forms of learning; effective arts education is an important educator model; and arts education will…

This study comparing 413 adults who had been abused and/or neglected as children with a control group (n=286) found significant differences between groups in IQ and reading ability, even when controlling for age, sex, race, and social class. Types of maltreatment were associated with differences in IQ and reading ability. (Author/DB)