Home environments of 91 6-month-old infants were assessed with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory to predict whether a child would be low IQ (below 70), low average (70 to 89), or average to superior (90 and above) at age 3 years. (Author)

Investigated geographic differences in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) results by comparing 60 Hawaiian and 60 mainland United States psychiatric outpatients. The influence of pidgin English led to expectations that Hawaiian subjects would have significantly lower WAIS Verbal scores than mainland subjects. Data verified these…

Forty-four educable mentally retarded students (12-16 years old) were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). (CL)

The hypothesis that fluid intelligence is equivalent to the factor of general intelligence is investigated using LISREL to specify higher-order models in reanalyses of three sets of psychometric data from subjects 11, 13, and 15 years old. The three studies showed fluid intelligence to be equivalent with a general factor. (LMO)

Results of the study with 24 mildly or moderately retarded subjects (ages 11-55 years) indicates that a separability hypothesis of perceptual development can be extended to retarded populations. Representation as wholistic objects dominated among moderately retarded subjects, and with increasing intelligence, representation of objects as component…

Examined concurrent validity of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 4th edition (SB IV) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) in a homogeneous, nonexceptional sample of 32 early elementary school children. Findings suggest that SB IV has significant positive relationship with WISC-R. The tests displayed a moderate level…

Results indicated that extrinsic rewards improved students' test performances significantly more than no rewards or feedback reward conditions. These improvements in performance were noted for all students under extrinsic reward conditions, thereby extending the effectiveness of these procedures across IQ levels. (Author/CL)

Analysis of the conceptions of spatial relations, size comparisons, and gesture imitations of 16 autistic children (ages 6-14 years) with IQs over 70 indicated an inability to acquire concepts of size comparison and spatial relationships through verbal instructions, suggesting a cognitive deficit of impaired symbolic-representational functioning.…

Studies the relationship between cognitive functioning and conduct disorders in 17-year-old adolescents as defined by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III. Results suggest that the relation of cognitive functioning to psychiatric status is specific to conduct disorders. (RJC)

Race and gender's impact on self-esteem among youth is examined. Generally, minorities tend to have lower levels of self-esteem than whites on public (intelligence) traits, but higher levels for private (satisfaction with self) traits. Black, Native American, and Asian women have higher levels for public traits than their male counterparts. (JMM)

Meta analysis is used to examine the results of 189 studies concerning sex and intelligence. The relationship between these two variables is investigated for five large clusters of cultures. For some intelligence factors, significant cultural differences are found between Western groups and Asian/African groups. (VM)

The analogy of a compatible marriage is used to describe the relationship between gifted programing and test instrumentation for identification of giftedness. The interaction of programing and instrument development is explored from an historical perspective and from the personal viewpoint of a researcher/practitioner. (Author/JW)

The article discusses the characteristics of expert systems (computer programs designed to replicate human expertise in a variety of areas), describes recently available expert system development tools, suggests applications within the field of special education, and reviews recent efforts to apply expert systems technology to special education…

The history of research and attention to artistically talented students from 1850 to the present is offered in this article. Programs for these students have lacked valid test instruments, longitudinal studies, and in-depth research. (DF)