The first of two papers discusses natural language searching as a user performance enhancement tool, focusing on artificial intelligence applications for information retrieval and problems with natural language processing. The second presents a conceptual framework for further development and future design of front ends to online bibliographic…

The study compared the problem solving strategies of intellectually gifted (N=133), average (N=102) and mentally retarded (N=51) children on two-dimensional integration problems. Gifted children tended to integrate dimensional information by addition, average children used lexicographic strategies, and retarded children relied on a single…

Examined are the contributions of Leta Stetter Hollingworth to the field of gifted education, and especially her battle to refute beliefs of her time that females were innately inferior in intelligence to males. Her nurturing of giftedness in females is illustrated through excerpts from her writings. (Author/JDD)

Investigated influence of child and classroom characteristics on teachers' ratings of intervention acceptability in two experiments. Measured teacher (N=163) ratings of acceptability of intervention procedures applied to a specifically defined behavior problem. Found intelligence and popularity of child and duration of problem significantly…

To investigate the relationship between achievement and intelligence quotient (IQ) in the learning-disabled (LD) population, changes in IQ scores of 49 LD students from early elementary grades to high school grades were correlated with variety of achievement scores. Results suggest that underachievement of LD students plays a predominant causal…

Concerned adults (N=50) in continual interaction with visually impaired individuals were randomly assigned to view videotapes of visually impaired children either with or without gaze direction. Results indicated that the visually impaired children were judged more intelligent and socially competent when utilizing gaze direction toward the…

Discusses the extent to which computers can understand natural language. Considers assertions that computers can be described as literate, and considers more generally the purpose of designing machines which perform like humans. (RS)

Questions the adequacy with which the giftedness construct is defined in applied educational settings, and the adequacy of the validation data available for these gifted identification procedures. (Author/BJV)

Investigated factor structure of the Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition using collaboration matrix from the standardization sample of 1,695 children aged 2 through 6 years, 1,586 children aged 7 through 11 years, and 1,728 participants aged 12 through 23 years. The results revealed the large first factor that resembled general intelligence, with little…

Learning-disabled adults (N=145) participating in vocational rehabilitation were found to constitute a homogeneous group with severe deficits, exhibiting: low-average general intelligence; lower verbal than performance Intelligence Quotients; attention, reasoning, and auditory memory deficits; academic achievement at the fourth/fifth-grade level;…

Among 120 fourth and sixth graders, correlations between intelligence scores and agency beliefs for effort decreased with increasing levels of reasoning about effort and ability. Correlations between intelligence scores and agency beliefs for ability increased with increasing levels of reasoning. (RH)

Investigated responses of 45 at-risk children of 6 months to a novel learning task. Results suggest that tasks measured in infancy are related to later functioning on standard assessment tests for children reared in less than optimal environments. (RJC)

Reports a study in which children with defective /r/ and non-defective speakers were rated by peers on nine bi-polar adjective semantic differential scales. The defective /r/ speakers were judged more negatively than the non-defective on all three scales that comprised the intelligence factor and on three of the five scales that comprised the…

Analyzed genetic and environmental contributions to intellectual change in 258 adopted and 93 biological children of 3-14 years. The effect of genes and family environment was significant at the time of the first measurement, but only genes made an additional contribution between the first and the second. (RJC)

Argues on basis of research on importance of "g" (intelligence) factor and racial differences in "g" that many valid, unbiased tests can be expected to produce high levels of adverse impact when used in race-neutral manner, especially in high-level jobs. Argues that unrealistic expectation regarding racial parity often leads employers to adopt…