The present study sought to discover the effects on delayed retention of two different degrees of quality of initial instruction for two different amounts of learning time; which combination of quality and time is most likely to be achieved in normal school situations; and the implications for those who design instructional materials. Two…

The problems stated for this investigation were as follows: (1) to determine if there is an increase in critical reading ability for students from grades thirteen to fourteen; (2) to determine if there is a difference in the critical reading ability of males and females in grades thirteen and fourteen; (3) to determine the relationship between…

In a recent article Jensen proposed the existence of what was termed the sex x race x ability interaction in which the differences in mental ability between the black sexes were larger than the corresponding differences among whites. Three large sources of data that were analyzed failed to reveal the interaction. Since Jensen's own work suggested…

This paper reviews the research on sex differences in intellectual functioning as it relates to verbal abilities, spatial abilities, and reading aptitudes. Research supports such statements as: sex aptitudes do not become significantly apparent until adolescence; males perform better than females on problems involving field-indep (picking out one…

This paper reports on an innovative approach to the teaching of reading. The thrust of the approach lies in application of findings from Meeker's research which since 1963 had identified certain clusters of Guilford's Structure of Intellect and intellectual abilities found to be necessary in the process of learning to read. Several programs are…

An operational index of discrepancy between ability and achievement using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) was tested with 50 male and 10 female legally identified learning disabled (LD) children (mean age 9 years 2 months). Use of the index identified 74% of the males and 30% of the…

The B-K Parental Checklist, a series of statements pertaining to the development and behavior of children, was employed in obtaining information from parents regarding the social and intellectual competencies of their children. Data collected from the parents of a randomly selected group of 1,155 subjects, in each of three age groups (5-9, 10-12,…

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which first grade subjects retain their reading ability over the summer vacation period. The subjects consisted of 545 first grade children, representing all first graders in nine elementary schools from four northeastern Wisconsin school districts. The subjects were divided into two…

From 180 primary children of varied backgrounds half were selected for instruction in conditional logic by means of an audio-tutorial method. At the termination of 15 weekly lessons the experimental students did no better than the control students on our individually-administered conditional logic test ("Smith-Sturgeon Conditional Reasoning…

The study was designed to determine whether (1) creativity training using behavior modification techniques would produce significant gains in test scores of experimental over control subjects; (2) conditioned skills would generalize to a different problem operation--for which training was not given; and (3) training in fluency and flexibility…

This study examined the relationship between convergent and divergent thinking and performance errors in reversal and nonreversal concept tasks. The results show: (1) a positive relationship between convergent performance and concept errors; and (2) an inverse relationship between divergent performance and concept errors. These correlational…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the variables of intelligence, creativity, and a language component in preschool disadvantaged Negro children. Major hypotheses were: (1) that the specific components of each variable had higher correlations within each variable than between variables; and (2) that each major loaded on a…

A study of the effects of inadequate nutrition upon disadvantaged children involved 113 Head Start children and their families. Information was collected on home diet, socioeconomic data, performance on intelligence tests, hemoglobin levels, class attendance, height, and weight to find out whether or not there was a relationship between nutrition…

In a study to learn whether or not poor nutrition, as indicated by low hemoglobin levels, affects intelligence and behavior, 113 Head Start children in Missoula, Montana took part. Group testing with the Lorge Thorndike Intelligence Test and individual testing with the Wechsler and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for…

Although universally acknowledged to be important, the relation between language and cognition is far from clear. While this paper also "sidesteps" this relation, it presumes that less elaborate language is linked to less differentiated cognitive activity. The study described here was aimed at collecting data on language usage for children (and…