Theoretical approaches within the cognitive-interactionist framework (Long, 2015) have identified various aspects of L2 input and characteristics of instruction that predict learners' L2 outcomes. Such strategies of L2 teaching relate to shaping characteristics of communicative activities in which the L2 is embedded and modifying L2 input, L2…

This study investigated multilingual writers' prior L2 writing knowledge transfer and how it relates to multilingual writers' metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation. Specifically, this study aimed to 1) explore how multilingual writers transfer their prior L2 writing knowledge, 2) investigate multilingual writers' metacognitive…

Low achievement in mathematics begins long before students arrive at college. National data shows that between 60% and 75% of high school seniors in the U.S. are underprepared for college-level mathematics and may end up enrolling in developmental mathematics. Developmental mathematics refers to mathematics courses taken in college that are…

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate students' perceptions of their own Funds of Knowledge (FOK) and the impact that these funds have as students prepare for careers. This purpose was achieved through an embedded mixed methods design with qualitative data collection and analysis embedded within the quantitative research…

The idea of 'threshold concepts' for Indigenous studies has received little attention in the literature to date. Page's work is the notable exception, identifying the basis for what may constitute threshold concepts in this field. This paper builds on Page's approach by providing a theoretical consideration of five ideas that may function as…

Prior linguistic knowledge is proposed to support the acquisition and consolidation of new words. Adults typically have larger vocabularies to support word learning than children, but the developing brain shows enhanced neural processes that are associated with offline memory consolidation. This study investigated contributions of prior knowledge…

We tested 6- to 7-year-olds, 18- to 22-year-olds, and 67- to 74-year-olds on an associative memory task that consisted of knowledge-congruent and knowledge-incongruent object-scene pairs that were highly familiar to all age groups. We compared the 3 age groups on their memory congruency effect (i.e., better memory for knowledge-congruent…

Proponents of problem-based learning suggest that learners should solve problems that are representative of the types of issues that practitioners face. However, this is challenging because novices lack the essential experiences that inform solutions. According to case-based reasoning, one way to overcome this gap is by providing a set of cases…

This article contrasts two studies that focus on language learning strategies (Study 1) and strategy instruction (Study 2) in CLIL programs. Drawing from the literature on language learning strategies and strategy instruction, we propose a theoretical framework that takes into account metacognitive awareness as a useful concept to capture the…

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Toronto Police Service was exploring how to increase access to higher education to its officers. The service saw higher education as salient to its organizational imperatives of professionalization, increased public legitimacy and credibility, and enhanced academic recognition of police professional learning.…

Signals (or cues) are added to multimedia learning materials to guide learners' attention to critical elements of the materials. Yet, research on signaling has produced mixed findings on learning outcomes. On the one hand, some studies have reported positive effects of signaling on the performance of learning outcomes (e.g., Jamet in Hum Behav…

The modern Einsteinian conception of space, time, matter and radiation represents a radical paradigm shift compared with the traditional Newtonian physics that underpins most primary and secondary school science. It is increasingly recognised that school education should encompass this modern paradigm to allow a seamless progression of learning…

Peer feedback is a strategy that allows students to be involved in the assessment process, making them more conscious about the teaching and learning activities. However, different instructional designs can influence learning in different ways. Our paper aims to identify whether peer feedback instructional designs influence students' learning…

Pre-service teachers carry with them various school experiences when attending a teacher education programme. Often teacher educators tend to ignore these first-year-student's previous knowledge and experiences. We asked 181 pre-service teachers to write about a significant event which had made an impression on them as a pupil. Our aim was to…

The purpose of this qualitative exploratory single-case study was to examine how school counselors from a master's level counselor education program are trained to work with PreK-12 students with disabilities. Transcripts from semi-structured interviews with nine school counselors-in-training and course syllabi were analyzed using embedded…