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Crowhurst, Marion – 1978
Compositions in the narrative and argumentative modes of discourse were collected from 240 students (40 boys and 40 girls each from grades 6, 10, and 12) and analyzed for mean T-unit length to determine any differences in syntactic complexity across modes of discourse or grade levels. At each grade level, T-unit length was significantly greater in…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Difficulty Level, Discourse Analysis, Educational Research
Saljo, Roger – 1979
Interview data on the learning experiences and techniques of 90 Swedish teenagers and adults were further analyzed to explore changes in views on learning reported by the subjects themselves, and differences between subjects with respect to age (range 15-73) and formal education (range 6-17 years). Some subjects equated knowledge with discrete…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Development
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly; Larson, Reed – 1978
One of 52 theoretical papers on school crime and its relation to poverty, this chapter deals with the intrinsic motivation that the systemic structure of a school provides for opportunities for both prosocial and antisocial behavior. On the basis of previous research, the authors propose that the state of enjoyment occurs when a person is…
Descriptors: Behavior Theories, Change Strategies, Creative Expression, Delinquent Behavior
Stockwell, Robert P. – The Journal of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, 1964
The complex nature of grammar and its relevance to teaching today are explored in the light of modern linguistics. Reviewing the development and fundamental theory of transformational generative grammar, the author points out its substantial merit and also its failure to be understood as exemplary grammatical analysis of language rather than…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, College Instruction, Curriculum Development, Difficulty Level
Mayo, Samuel T. – 1970
The historical background of mastery learning is discussed and related to the use of the traditional normal curve and to the nature of curves which express more adequately the mastery learning concept. It is suggested that the mastery model calls for strategies that: inform students about course expectations; set standards of mastery in advance;…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Criterion Referenced Tests, Difficulty Level, Educational Innovation

Lynch, A. J. – ELT Journal, 1988
Summarizes some preliminary findings from research into the nature and effect of various discourse modifications by a native speaker to a language learner. These modifications include (1) idiom avoidance; (2) comprehension checks and pauses; and (3) selection of information. An informal experiment gauging foreign students' impression of…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Idioms

Windram, Mary P. – Roeper Review, 1988
Three gifted students (ages 7 to 8 years) with reading problems experienced more difficulty than their peers in science. Incorporating the science inquiry approach into their reading program helped them realize that reading was not a separate activity and improved their reading skills. (Author JDD)
Descriptors: Case Studies, Difficulty Level, Elementary School Science, Gifted
Chang, Yuh-Fang – Online Submission, 2004
English is a Right Branching Direction (RBD) language in which relative clauses appear to the right of the head noun. In contrast, Chinese primarily relies on a Left Branching Direction (LBD) in which relative clauses premodify the head. Many studies have provided evidence that the differences in principal branching directions between the two…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), English (Second Language), Chinese, Second Language Learning
Engelhard, George, Jr.; Myford, Carol M. – College Board, 2003
The purpose of this study was to examine, describe, evaluate, and compare the rating behavior of faculty consultants who scored essays written for the Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition (AP® ELC) Exam. Data from the 1999 AP ELC Exam were analyzed using FACETS (Linacre, 1998) and SAS. The faculty consultants were not all…
Descriptors: Advanced Placement, College Faculty, Consultants, Scoring

Lieber, Joan; Semmel, Melvyn I. – Journal of Special Education Technology, 1989
Twenty learning-handicapped and 20 nonhandicapped intermediate-grade children worked on a mathematics problem-solving task on a microcomputer. Their social and instructional interactions were compared as group configuration (individual, homogeneous dyad, and heterogeneous dyad) and task difficulty changed. The computer's effect on the conversation…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Difficulty Level, Group Dynamics, Grouping (Instructional Purposes)

Meyer, Josef – Studies in Educational Evaluation, 1989
A study of the effectiveness of teaching science to 2 classes of 15 and 20 ninth-graders, respectively, illustrates 5 aspects of educational evaluation: age factors in teachability, test unidimensionality, comparison of 2 classes of students regarding mean ability, objective difficulty of test items, and objective ability of individual students.…
Descriptors: Ability Grouping, Comparative Testing, Difficulty Level, Educational Assessment

Conrad, Linda – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1989
A study used compressed speech to observe aural processing strategy differences between native English-speakers and high- and medium-level learners of English as a second language. Quantitative and qualitative differences in recall among the three groups were found. (Author/MSE)
Descriptors: College Students, Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, English (Second Language)

Gainen, Joanne – New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 1995
Each year, about one-third of college freshmen who select majors in science, mathematics, and engineering switch to other fields. Faculty may be able to reduce student attrition from quantitative majors by addressing four barriers to success: (1) pre-college preparation; (2) peer culture; (3) classroom climate; and (4) sink-or-swim instructional…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, Classroom Environment, College Freshmen
Gioka, Olga – Science Education International, 2007
The major literature review by Black and Wiliam (1998a) provided strong research evidence indicating that assessment for learning can produce significant gains in students' learning. The present study applied the main aspects of assessment for learning, as highlighted in the Black and Wiliam review, in a specific area of science education, that of…
Descriptors: Investigations, Science Education, Graphs, Qualitative Research
Dynarski, Susan; Scott-Clayton, Judith – Program on Education Policy and Governance, Harvard University, 2006
The complexity of the federal tax code has been the focus of reform efforts for decades, and has received considerable attention in the economic literature. The federal system for distributing student financial aid is similarly convoluted, yet has received relatively little attention from economists. For the typical household, the aid application…
Descriptors: College Attendance, Student Financial Aid, Paying for College, Taxes