Discusses whether "kategorija ostojanija" (category of state) should be considered as a part of speech in Russian, proposes a definition of the term "part of speech," and suggests that short adjectives and impersonal nonverbal predicatives be viewed as a single part of speech with personal and impersonal subtypes like Russian verbs. (21…

Notes that many psychological theories assume things belong in the same category because of their similarity. Recounts several arguments claiming, however, that similarity is an empty notion or is an insufficient quality upon which to base categorization. Concludes that, though these arguments have merit, similarity can be sufficiently constrained…

Two-year-olds' difficulty with rule execution was examined through one of six tasks: a task assessing knowledge about a series of items, a deductive card sort requiring the use of knowledge to sort items by rules, and four modifications of the card sort. Found that the toddlers performed better on the knowledge task than the other tasks. (MDM)

A method for comparing the cross-validated classification accuracies of linear and quadratic classification rules is presented under varying data conditions for the "k"-group classification problem. Separate-group and total-group proportions of correct classifications can be compared for the two rules, as is illustrated. (Author/SLD)

Children who had received training in sorting pictures of men and women, and in sorting occupations according to rules that countered gender stereotypes, exhibited a more egalitarian response in subsequent measures of gender stereotyping and showed superior memory for counterstereotypic information in stories than did other children. (BC)

Eighteen-month-old children performed sorting tasks and their parents completed checklists of words used by the children. Children who performed exhaustive grouping, or grouping of objects of different kinds in different locations, were reported as using more words than children who did not perform exhaustive grouping. (BC)

Discusses the synthesis of a body of psychological research that describes the human characteristic referred to as "mindfulness." Analyzes the concept as it relates to personal development and educational settings. (JOW)

Proposes a taxonomy that classifies coherence relations in discourse in terms of four cognitively salient primitives, such as the polarity of the relationship and the pragmatic or semantic character of the link between the units. Finds experimental support for the relevance and psychological salience of the taxonomic primitives. (SR)

The Division on Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities (MRDD) of the Council for Exceptional Children adopted this position statement concerning the revised American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) definition of mental retardation. The position statement views the revised mental retardation definition and classification as a…

Discusses pattern classification of images by computer and describes the Two Domain Method in which expert knowledge is acquired using multidimensional scaling of judgments of dissimilarities and linear mapping. An application of the Two Domain Method that tested its power to discriminate two patterns of human blood leukocyte distribution is…

Navy officers (n=742) rated the magnitude and desirability of 16 career events. Cluster analysis supported Louis' typology and his assertion that different career events have similar meanings to individuals. Findings suggest that effects of exit transitions (retirement, resignation) are qualitatively different from those of other events. (SK)

Three studies examined two-year olds' understanding of novel terms for objects that they are already familiar with under another name. The studies found that the new term was most likely to be treated as a second basic-level name for the category to which the object belonged. (MDM)

Describes a historical study of cataloging rules through the "Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2d ed.," that was conducted to identify linking devices that have been used to connect bibliographic entities. Relationships that are part of the taxonomy of bibliographic relationships are explained, including equivalence, derivative,…

In 2 experiments, 15- and 21-month-old infants were presented with a target object and asked to select an object taxonomically or thematically related to the target object. The target object was introduced with or without a novel nonsense noun. Results indicated that novel nouns focused infants' attention on taxonomic relations. (MDM)

Describes the development of a functional indexing system that is tailored to the thinking involved in the process of invention. Classification by function is discussed; matrix representation is explained; a controlled vocabulary of verbs, objects, and modifiers is described; and the relation to other indexing systems is examined. (13 references)…