A model is presented for multiple pairwise comparisons of selected categories (cells) of a contingency table after the chi-square test has rejected the null hypothesis of equality of population proportions. The model determines which, if any, pairwise proportions have led to the rejection. (SLD)

Considers assumptions underlying current cognitive science research on concepts: (1) novel information is first processed via similarity judgments and later by explanatory components; (2) children initially have a similarity-based component for learning concepts--the explanatory component develops on its foundation. Argues that these assumptions…

Compares the qualitative method of grounded theory (GT) with Ranganathan's construction of faceted classifications (FC) in library and information science. Both struggle with a core problem--the representation of vernacular words and processes, empirically discovered, which will, although ethnographically faithful, be powerful beyond the single…

Analysis of tables of contents of 648 English-language publications with Library of Congress cataloging revealed: 92.75% were suitable for inclusion in catalog records; most contained one or two levels of hierarchy; 25.62% were author/title based; 1.12% of the bibliographic records currently produced by the Library of Congress include contents…

This report of a multidisciplinary study of Scottish farmers' attitudes, goals, and behavior describes scales developed specifically for this population and explains how they can be used to find correlations among attitudes, objectives, and implementation. The article contains 113 references. (SK)

A taxonomy of decision behavior styles (independence/dependence, active/passive, insightful/not) tested with 372 career counseling clients was supported by similar structure analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Counselors were more likely to be satisfied with decisions of clients they perceived to be insightful. (SK)

A definition and typology of peer assessment between students in higher education is proposed, and the theoretical underpinnings of the method are discussed, based on a review of both process and outcome studies. These studies suggest that peer assessment is of adequate reliability and validity in many situations. (SLD)

Describes the temporal consistency of school classification observed in the Kentucky, and secondarily in the Charlotte-Mecklinberg (North Carolina), school-based performance award programs. Data from the Kentucky Department of Education show the extent to which temporal inconsistency could be due to measurement error. (SLD)

Identifying types of student aggression is essential to providing early and effective interventions; a model is presented for subtyping childhood aggression. Reactive and proactive aggression are discussed with examples of teacher observations and counselor interviews. Behavioral indicators of subtypes are presented. Intervening with each type is…

Classifies information-retrieval applications into three groups depending on the correspondence between a user's request and the queries posed to the document base. Argues that the mapping of requests, on a semantic level, to formalized queries, on a lexical level, determines the range of retrieval effectiveness. (Author/LRW)

Argues that the Woesian three domain view of life should replace the five kingdom taxonomic scheme presented in most general biology texts and courses. Presents evidence for employing the three domain scheme and a related activity for classroom use. Contains 11 references. (WRM)

Proposes a taxonomy of functions for direct reports of speech (and of writing and thought) in focus-group discussions. Reported speech both depicts the experience of the original utterance and detaches the reported utterance from the reporting speaker. (Author/VWL)

Considers a general problem of combining the classifications or predictions of local information systems into a single system. Introduces a new approach for solving an aggregation problem where a decision maker needs to classify an observation based on group-membership predictions coming from multiple experts, and describes results from empirical…

Describes a teaching experiment conducted over a period of four consecutive days with 13 fourth grade students who had already completed a unit of fractions to determine whether problematic size was the ordering criteria. Concludes that children can indeed order fractions as they do natural numbers. (Contains 11 references.) (ASK)

Introduces this special issue of the journal and reports on new directions in the research that began with code switching, but increasingly has come to include other types of language contact phenomena. The articles in the issue report on analyses and explanations for a variety of outcomes in bilingual production. (Author/VWL)