In this investigation, we used real data to assess potential differential effects associated with taking a test in a test center (TC) versus testing at home using remote proctoring (RP). We used a pseudo-equivalent groups (PEG) approach to examine group equivalence at the item level and the total score level. If our assumption holds that the PEG…

Science self-schemas are students' cognitive generalizations of their selves in learning science. Students who hold contrasting science self-schemas are hypothesized to learn consistently with their salient self-conception in science. A survey and an experiment provided complementary evidence supporting the self-congruent engagement hypothesis.…

The aim of this study was to examine the developmental trajectories of comprehension of relational concepts among 557 participants with intellectual disability (ID) of undifferentiated etiology (M age = 12.20 years, SD = 3.18) and 557 typically developing (TD) participants (M age = 4.57 years, SD = 0.80). Logistic regression analyses, with…

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate children's processing of dysphonic speech in a realistic classroom setting, under the influence of added classroom noise. Method: Typically developing 6-year-old primary school children performed two listening tasks in their regular classrooms--a phoneme discrimination task to assess speech…

The present study proposes a Bayesian approach for estimating and testing the operation-specific learning model, a variant of the linear logistic test model that allows for the measurement of the learning that occurs during a test as a result of the repeated use of the operations involved in the items. The advantages of using a Bayesian framework…

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between university students' fear of negative evaluation and their academic dishonesty tendencies and to compare them in terms of various variables. The sample of the study carried out in the relational screening model consists of 306 students, who were selected by the easily accessible sampling…

Background: Globally, conducting randomised controlled trials can be a complex endeavour. The complexity increases when including participants with cognitive or intellectual disabilities. A fuller understanding of the barriers and challenges that can be expected in such trials may help researchers to make their trials more inclusive for people…

Human operators often experience large fluctuations in cognitive workload over seconds timescales that can lead to sub-optimal performance, ranging from overload to neglect. Adaptive automation could potentially address this issue, but to do so it needs to be aware of real-time changes in operators' spare cognitive capacity, so it can provide help…

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cognitive levels of pre-service science teachers according to Bloom's Taxonomy about "density" using daily life problems. The case study design was used in the study. This study was carried out with 45 pre-service teachers. In order to identify the cognitive levels of pre-service teachers about…

This study aims at identifying the effect of multiple-choice test items' difficulty degree on the reliability coefficient and the standard error of measurement depending on the item response theory IRT. To achieve the objectives of the study, (WinGen3) software was used to generate the IRT parameters (difficulty, discrimination, guessing) for four…

This study aims to compare the G and Phi coefficients as estimated by D studies for a measurement tool with the G and Phi coefficients obtained from real cases in which items of differing difficulty levels were added and also to determine the conditions under which the D studies estimated reliability coefficients closer to reality. The study group…

Students commonly find specialist scientific language problematic. This study investigated developments in chemical language usage by six "non-traditional" students over the course of 1 to 4 years. The students participated in semi-structured interviews and were asked to explain specific chemical scenarios. Interviews were transcribed…

Effective information behaviour is crucial in all translation competence models but our understanding of how information skills develop and how translators interact with information found in online resources is still limited. In this article we focus on information behaviour (needs and use) of bidirectional translators who frequently translate…

What role does the presence of facial speech play for children with dyslexia? Current literature proposes two distinctive claims. One claim states that children with dyslexia make less use of visual information from the mouth during speech processing due to a deficit in recruitment of audiovisual areas. An opposing claim suggests that children…

Purpose: Students can learn to be citizens through school education and experiences in socio-cultural contexts. Individuals' perspectives on being a citizen can be represented as implicit and explicit knowledge in cognitive structures. This study aimed to investigate the implicit knowledge and cognitive complexity of student social studies…