A personal understanding of the concepts of scholarship, knowledge, and research is presented. The basic task of scholarship is to study reality with a view to finding out what it is like, the relations of different parts to each other, and the applications to which the findings can lead. The scholarly search must be a rational procedure.…

This report discusses the nature of research in the context of distance education and suggests that qualitative research be included as a research methodology for distance education research. Noting that qualitative research represents a shift toward more perceptual, context-embedded interpretive inquiry, the paper argues that it is well suited to…

Use of "special" orthonormal mean contrasts and mean contrast variances can help educational researchers interpret a wide variety of repeated measures data. Most statistical packages allow educational researchers to test for differences across repeated measures using both the univariate mixed model F test and a multivariate test.…

Individual marital therapy (IMT) is therapy in which one or both spouses are treated separately by different therapists who do not communicate with each other about treatment. Gurman and Kniskern (1978) reported an improvement rate of 48% and a deterioration rate of 11.6% for nonbehavioral IMT. These outcome data and the conclusions drawn from…

Dedicated to describing all U.S. states' and territories' arts agencies at the close of 1974, this research report complies and analyzes information about their: (1) structure, management, organization, and relationships with other groups and organizations; (2) functions and practices; and (3) receipts and expenditures. State governing councils…

Despite growing interest in the use of anthropological or cultural research models, these approaches are not commonly understood by the higher education community. Because anthropological research differs significantly from other techniques, this paper first explains the rationale for using anthropological models to study higher education and…

The use of messages as experimental stimuli brings with it problems regarding the interpretability and generalizability of findings. Some psychologists and communication researchers have argued that message stimuli must be treated as random effects. A review of the literature examined data regarding experimental designs used in recent…

This paper presents a framework for monitoring implementation which defines a process for implementing new programs into organizations. The process requires a team of monitors who examine the adequacy of implementation plans and look at the effect of plan execution upon the organization, individual, and new program. Immediate feedback is provided…

The article examines reasons for discrepant findings in two studies of attention differences in learning disabled students, focusing on four interacting factors in experimental research: task, materials, context, and subject characteristics. It is suggested that attentional deficits are not necessarily the underlying problem for all students with…

Apparent inconsistencies in the study of attention problems are not a function of the data, but of the belief system that underlies and guides data interpretation. Attention problems are more accurately viewed as a symptom of a more fundamental cognitive limitation, rather than the primary source of underachievement or learning problems.…

A discourse on methodology in teaching research is given and a call is made for researchers to pay more attention to the subjectivity of experience, social problems, the empowerment of students and teachers, and alternatives to the empirical-analytical research paradigm. (JL)

The widespread use of comparative data can lead to problems on a campus unless the data are systematically incorporated in the institutional planning cycle. A model has been developed to alleviate a number of problems and increase the power of comparison as a management tool. (MSE)

The statistical properties of curriculum-based time-series data were investigated for 67 learning disabled students (grades 1-7). Results suggest that reading growth over time may be described by a negatively accelerated curve and that the statistical characteristics of time-series data are not necessarily independent in naturally occurring data.…

Study examines the role of figural characteristics in the development of pictorial inferences. Results indicate that although the pictorial inferences drawn by kindergarteners are heavily influenced by figural representations, such figural dependency cannot account for all of the observed developmental differences. (Author/RWB)

Several general correlation patterns are shown which give exact F tests in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure. They are the most general correlation patterns one can assume in a one-way and two-way layout and still have the F tests be valid. (Author/BW)