This paper argues that if conclusions about children's grasp of logical concepts are to be reached and acceptable lines of research followed, then more precise definitions of the concept "logical necessity" must be formulated. The paper defines logical necessity as "the unconditional guarantee of truth that accompanies valid…

Four different methods for attending to a lecture were studied: listening, listening with an outline, note-taking, and note-taking with an outline. Each method was designed to influence the learner's level of processing and, therefore, to effect the encoding and retrieval of information from a lecture. In addition, the effects of no review or…

The paper describes an experiment in which 52 deaf children (7-19 years old) and 36 normal hearing children (7-16 years old) were given several Piagetian conservation tasks to determine if the conventional instructions are the basis for conservation failure in deaf children and to examine the order in which deaf Ss acquired various forms of…

Information processing models indicate that learning occurs in the interaction of three systems: perceptual (receiving information), memory (selective storing of information), and performance (using the processed information). The three systems working together affect each other and together demonstrate learning. Reading, then, is the organization…

A conceptual model of how children process televised information was developed with the goal of identifying those parameters of the process that are both measurable and manipulable in research settings. The model presented accommodates the nature of information processing both by the child and by the presentation by the medium. Presentation is…

This study investigated the effect of initial instruction on the processes children use to solve basic addition and subtraction verbal problems. Prior to instruction and following a 2-month introductory unit on addition and subtraction, 43 first-grade children were individually tested on verbal problems representing different models of addition…

The approaches and methods of teaching and learning social studies are examined. Fundamental study skills are emphasized: effective questioning techniques, data gathering, ability to recognize relationships in terms of time and space, and ability to recognize facts, opinions, and propaganda. To develop these skills it is recommended that priority…

Interpretive inquiry is a technique for open discussion in literature classes. The theoretical foundation for this technique is derived from cognitive psychology's finding that the success of a teaching-learning exchange depends on what the learner already knows about the subject and on the ability of the teacher to present the material for the…

Methods of mathematics instruction adapted for mentally handicapped students are considered. Using three theories of J. Piaget--that children's mental capabilities increase with age, that their mental capabilities pass through fairly observable stages, that mentally retarded children take longer to pass from one stage to another--the author…

This publication brings together seven papers exemplifying the systems approach to educational decision making. The first discusses the need for inclusion of constituent values in educational decision making strategies to properly apply systems theory concepts. In the second, which addresses systems design for problem solving in schools,…

Children's learning from television was studied in 343 fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students who viewed an edited version of a television program and took a posttest. It was hypothesized that children would learn more plot-relevant information (central learning material) as they moved from concrete operational to formal operational…

THE NATIONAL PROGRAM IN THE USE OF TELEVISION IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS WAS AN EFFORT TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF USING TELEVISED INSTRUCTION AS A MAJOR RESOURCE IN THE TEACHING OF LARGE CLASSES. IT WAS ALSO CONCERNED WITH--THE KIND AND AMOUNT OF OTHER SERVICES NEEDED TO SET UP OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR LEARNING, SCHEDULING AND SCHOOL BUILDING…

DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER CHANGES IN ATTITUDE OCCURRED AS A RESULT OF PARTICIPATION IN AN INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISORY TRAINING PROGRAM, THIS STUDY USED THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CONTENT AND ASSIMILATION IN A LEARNING SITUATION. BEFORE AND AFTER THE PROGRAM, 41 SUPERVISORS RATED 12 CONCEPTS ON A CONTINUUM…

TO TEST THE EFFECT OF VIDEO TAPED SIMULATED INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCES ON THE MODIFICATION OF TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES, THREE GROUPS OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPOSED TO SPECIALLY PREPARED TAPES ON FOUR TOPICS. EACH 30-MINUTE TAPE CONSISTED OF SIMULATED CLASSROOM SETTINGS, WITH THE LAST 10 MINUTES USED AS A…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO IDENTIFY AND COMPARE THREE KINDS OF TRANSFER EFFECTS--AN EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH CUE REPETITION, A LEARNING-TO-LEARN EFFECT, AND A WARM-UP EFFECT, AND (2) TO EVALUATE THE USEFULNESS OF CUE-RESPONSE CORRELATIONS IN EXPLAINING TRANSFER EFFECTS. THE STUDY WAS BASED ON THE DEFINITION OF TRANSFER EFFECTS AS…