In bilingual education programs, instruction may be (1) "less-than-half," in which instruction is mostly in English except for such subjects as social studies and native language arts; (2) "half-and-half," in which instruction is half in the student's language, half in English; or (3) "more-than-half," which provides instruction entirely in the…

Consideration of computer-assisted instruction in the classroom has led to an analysis of the educational process including the need for developing more adequate models of the learning processes and increased attention to the function of the teacher (human or computer) as a decision maker. Given a descriptive model of the learning process, it is…

A sequence of studies compared two types of discrimination formation: errorless learning and trial-and-error procedures. The subjects were three boys and five girls from a university preschool. The children performed the experimental tasks at a typical match-to-sample apparatus with one sample window above and four match (response) windows below.…

The experiment tested the effects of presentation word orders in a multitrial free-recall task. Three types of presentation were used: (1) randomized; (2) constant order; and (3) maintained order (maintenance of subjects order of recall on the subsequent presentation). In addition, the effects of number of recalls per presentation (1 or 3) were…

The purpose of these four studies (two pilot studies and two experiments) was to investigate the effects of verbal processes and dimensional preferences in children's learning and transfer. Experiment I investigated the effect of verbal instructions upon motor responses. Discriminate verbal instructions produced statistically significant higher…

Today's children receive information in relatively unstructured form through communications media which surmount barriers of time and space. In comparison, traditional sequential learning may seem slow and uninteresting. Technological innovation in education would make it possible to place emphasis on student discovery through informative media,…

It was hypothesized that the acquisition of conservation behavior would be facilitated when stimuli were more concrete than abstract. Eighty white second graders were randomly assigned to four groups and presented with three conservation-of-weight problems. Clay balls and the conservation transformations were either shown, demonstrated, and…

In an attempt to develop a theoretical framework with which to evaluate a Comprehensive Experience-Based Career Education (EBCE) Project, the assumptions underlying this model of career education are discussed. The curriculum and learning strategies of the EBCE programs are described, and it is demonstrated how John Dewey's philosophy can serve as…

This paper reports on the results of several experiments concerned with instructions to forget certain information and to remember other information presented in the context of a variety of laboratory tasks of short-term memory. Assessment of the retention of remember material indicated that it varies directly with the degree to which clear…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the strategy of allowing a student to choose the sensory channel in which he learns most efficiently and to determine if this choice results in increased learning rates. It was hypothesized that allowing a student to learn in channels of his choice would result in higher learning rates than when he was…

The author reviews the literature and makes tentative conclusions concerning the physiological correlates of learning and memory. Particular attention is given to the issues of spinal cord learning, subcortical learning, cerebral cortex learning, localization of learning within the brain (specificity vs. non-specificity), and association areas…

Students learned lists of spelling words in a computer-assisted drill program where the correct spelling was printed in standard form or with spaces between letters or with spaces between pronounceable orthographic clusters. Words having sounded and unsounded medial clusters (e.g., "holiday" versus "Wednesday") were taught under each display…

The authors present a discussion about activities that learners perform when confronted with instructional stimuli. These activities are classified as mathemagenic activities. A review of the literature is presented to show various attempts made to optimize learning from various instructional systems. Three groups of hypothetical mathemagenic…

The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the performances of students in a beginning course in educational statistics. Modified mastery learning strategies such as the use of a pretest, diagnostic tests, parallel midterms, and an extended time allowance to master the content were employed during the course. Data was available on 359…

This study examines attention to stimulus presentation mode (SPM) by children when subdivided by age and sex, and the interaction between these variables. Except for the crossover period, female and male subjects' responses to auditory and visual stimuli follow the same general pattern; younger subjects respond at a greater rate to visual stimuli.…