Servant leadership has been proposed as a highly relevant approach to leadership in the higher education context. However, little is known about its contribution to desirable organizational outcomes in academic settings, and even less is known about the role that servant leadership's multidimensionality plays. Consequently, our study aims to…

Longitudinal research is often interested in identifying correlates of heterogeneity in change. This paper compares three approaches for doing so: the mixed-effects model (latent growth curve model), the growth mixture model, and structural equation model trees. Each method is described, with special focus given to how each structures…

We tested a theoretical model that integrated regulatory focus, second language (L2) self-guides, anxiety and enjoyment, eager and vigilant L2 use, and L2 achievement. We collected data from 324 students learning English as a foreign language. Structural equation modeling results showed that (a) the promotion focus positively predicted ideal…

The popularity of games as educational tools has steadily increased and is mainly explained by the motivational power that is ascribed to games in general. The research investigates the role of different motivational forms in educational gaming and the influence of game and teaching context on the students' motivation to involve in game play.…

Background: Consumers are adopting wearable activity trackers to stay healthy and monitor their fitness progress. Purpose: The study investigates the acceptance of WAT by Generation Z users and draws upon achievement goal theory by theorizing how and why consumers use WAT. Methods: Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze intentions to…

This study investigated factors that influenced university students' intentions to use smart applications in flipped learning (FL) in Thailand flipped classrooms (FC) by extending the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the research model. Eight variables including relative advantage (ADV), peer influence (PI), school support (SS), reputation…

An increasing number of students enrolling in college engaged in Tier 2 response to intervention (RTI) academic supports in high school to supplement their secondary education. However, few researchers examined if prior experiences with RTI influence academic self-efficacy in college, a construct known to promote student retention and graduation…

This research explores the influencing factors of learning satisfaction in blended learning. Three dimensions are proposed: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and learning motivation. It studied how these variables affect students' learning satisfaction. The research hypotheses are: (1) Perceived ease of use positively affects perceived…

This article examined relations among classroom activities, students' momentary control- and value-related appraisals, and students' state emotions in high school science classrooms. Throughout 10 days of instruction, high school students (N = 244) reported their state emotions and task-specific control- and value-related appraisals during science…

Longitudinal models provide researchers with a framework for investigating key aspects of change over time, but rarely is "time" itself modeled as a focal parameter of interest. Rather than treat time as purely an index of measurement occasions, the proposed Time to Criterion (T2C) growth model allows for modeling individual variability…

New technologies are changing the way we see and understand university education, with the advent of new, more flexible organization methods capable of reaching people via class formats like Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs). However, studies which have analyzed these types of courses have focused on their implementation and not on the…

An increasing number of research is focusing on L2 grit, which plays a significant role in SLA. But few studies examine the factors that affect L2 grit. This study investigates the internal predictors influencing L2 grit in Chinese college students, specifically focusing on L2 willingness to communicate (WTC), L2 anxiety and L2 joy. A structural…

Understanding latent variables is essential in EFL research. This article examines key latent variables, such as linguistic competence, cognitive ability and socio-cultural factors. These variables play a crucial role in shaping EFL learning experiences and outcomes. Researchers can use methods such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA),…

We develop a structural after measurement (SAM) method for structural equation models (SEMs) that accommodates missing data. The results show that the proposed SAM missing data estimator outperforms conventional full information (FI) estimators in terms of convergence, bias, and root-mean-square-error in small-to-moderate samples or large samples…

While flipped learning has attempted to explain the benefits of technology applied to educational settings, this study aims to validate research questions and test the theory of the learning strategies in flipped learning. A self-designed questionnaire, consisting of 17 critical indicators of online self-regulation, project-based learning and…