The effects of students' grade level (four, five, or six) and of five variables related to types of open arithmetical sentences on students' ability to solve open-sentence problems were investigated. The five variables were: (1) operation symbol, (2) sentence type as determined by the symmetric property of the equality relation, (3) the position…

This volume provides the appendices to the report appearing as SE 020 236, which is a study of the effects of students' grade level (four, five, or six) and of five variables related to types of open arithmetical sentences on students' ability to solve open-sentence problems. (SD)

Two instructional variables, sequence and mode, were operationally defined; two methods of sequencing, deductive and inductive, were used, and two modes, concrete and pictorial. Experimental lesson sequences for instruction in the rules and concepts of multiplication were developed for each combination of levels of the variables. The lesson…

This teacher guide is part of the materials prepared for an individualized program for ninth-grade algebra and basic mathematics students. Materials written for the program are to be used with audiovisual lessons recorded on tape cassettes. For an evaluation of the program, see ED 086 545. In this guide, the teacher is provided with objectives for…

Five reports from a 2-year study are presented. Frequencies and descriptions of systematic errors in the four algorithms in arithmetic were studied in upper-middle income, regular, and special education classrooms involving 744 children. Children were screened for adequate knowledge of basic facts and for receiving prior instruction on the…

Four activities and related worksheets are provided. The activities, all concerned with multiplication, are directed toward students at different levels, and deal with repeated addition, basic facts, and factorization. (SD)

Described are two methods of calculating developed by the Dutch WISKOBAS Project: addition and subtraction with a loop abacus and multiplication using a grid model. (MP)

Magic squares are used to generate number games similar to tic-tac-toe. Skills that are reinforced include addition of negative numbers and addition and multiplication of fractions. (MP)

Four activity sheets are given, presenting two-player games on matching, addition, and multiplication. (MP)

Patterns and relationships found in the multiplication table of the numbers zero through nine are discussed as a means to helping students understand certain concepts. (MP)

The focus is upon the introduction of multiplication within the framework of an algorithm program. Analysis of some observations of student solutions to multiplication problems is included. (MN)

Upper elementary school students created their own algorithms for finding products of whole numbers. The algorithms were similar to familiar ones for finding products involving 9 and 11. (SD)

Teaching ideas are shared in three separate articles titled, "Something Different for Middle School Mathematics,""A Discovery Approach for the Y-Intercept," and "How to Get Off the Track in One Easy Lesson". (JT)

A calculator activity, described as a bingo game, emphasizes speedy calculations as well as problem solving. (JT)

Some of the problems of learning disabled students which make teaching arithmetic difficult include: symbol-object relationships, reversibility of functions, perceptual deficits, multiplication tables, division tasks, word problems, and place values. Among suggestions for teachers are presenting and setting up problems according to students'…