The aim of this study is to determine the non-routine problem solving performances of mathematics teacher candidates. A descriptive survey model was used for this work and it was conducted with 50 teacher candidates studying elementary mathematics teaching in a medium-sized university in Turkey. To determine the non-routine problem solving…

Reading texts may serve as a vital source of informational content and language knowledge for second language (L2) learners, which is known as the dual relevance of L2 reading (Han & D'Angelo, 2009). Text complexity, however, influences the two, determining to a great extent whether the dual outcome is attainable. Drawing on Complex Dynamic…

Block-building skills at age 3 are related to spatial skills at age 5 and spatial skills in grade school are linked to later success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Though studies have focused on block-building behaviors and design complexity, few have examined these variables in relation to future spatial and…

The present study investigated the commonly accepted view from various sources (e.g., American Psychological Association [APA]), which indicates the significant difficulty in being accepted into a PhD in clinical psychology program. Data were collected (total number of applicants, applicants accepted, and number of accepted students who…

The spatial split-attention principle suggests that presenting related words and pictures spatially close to one another will improve learning compared with a spatially distant design, and two meta-analyses have shown support for the principle. However, it is not clear why the principle occurs. It has been theorized that integrated graphic designs…

Cognitive load theory has challenged contemporary approaches to teaching by arguing that they are ineffective because of a neglect of the psychology underpinning learning and, specifically, the high demand placed on working memory. This paper challenges the presuppositions involved not only in arguments for guided instruction by those supporting…

An extensive body of research has investigated the role of syntactic complexity in gauging the linguistic complexity of reading texts, particularly for the purpose of determining their grade appropriateness. However, little such research has focused on adapted teaching materials for English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts, and to date there…

The purpose of this study is to address the necessity of subscore equating and to evaluate the performance of various equating methods for subtests. Assuming the random groups design and number-correct scoring, this paper analyzed real data and simulated data with four study factors including test dimensionality, subtest length, form difference in…

We report on and validate a system for ranking the cognitive demand of mathematical tasks. In our framework, task rankings are determined by the sequences of units and unit transformations students might use to solve each task. Using this framework, we ranked a set of 10 fractions tasks. We then interviewed 12 pre-service teachers to assess the…

One of the main tendencies of mathematical development in 19th and 20th centuries seem to be on rigor and formalization. Rigor and formalization took place on axiomatic basis leading to more abstraction. Euclidean type of an axiomatic model became a model of mathematics even for constructively developed analysis. Even though rigor and axiomatic…

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between patience, emotion regulation difficulty, and cognitive flexibility among university students, and to determine the predictability of patience in cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation difficulty. The study group of the study consisted of 342 (65.5%) females, 180 (34.5%)…

Block-building skills at age 3 are related to spatial skills at age 5 and spatial skills in grade school are linked to later success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Though studies have focused on block-building behaviors and design complexity, few have examined these variables in relation to future spatial and…

Illustrators of children's books work in a unique profession: Their practices are at the intersection of various, sometimes opposing, forces including their personal, artistic vision, their professional conventions, and the social, educational functions of their books. Involving five accomplished contemporary illustrators of children's picture…

Educational software can increase cognitive load and reduce learning in the K-12 classroom. The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study was to compare the pretest/posttest changes in critical thinking skills and cognitive load in fourth-grade students after using multimedia software based on whether the design of the software product…

Younger children have more difficulty in sharing attention between two concurrent tasks than do older participants, but in addition to this developmental change, we documented changes in the nature of attention sharing. We studied children 6-8 and 10-14 years old and college students (in all, 104 women and 76 men; 3% Hispanic, 3% Black or African…